Discharge cleaning processes, residual

While residual gas measurements are useful for optimizing discharge cleaning processes, concomitant surface analysis measurements have been necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the surface chemistry. A number of in-sltu surface studies (26-30. 32-35) have been performed on tokamaks where... 

Leakages and drains are collected in a liquid waste system that is designed to permit maximum reuse of water in a simple process most of the collected water is chemically pure and may be reused as processed demineralized water after treatment in filters and ion exchangers. Excess water and "unclean water is discharged, if its "quality is acceptable, i.e., with low radioactivity, and low content of other unacceptable products otherwise, it is passed through an evaporator. Then the cleaned water can be reused or discharged the evaporator residues are conveyed to the solid waste system. 

The carbon black (soot) produced in the partial combustion and electrical discharge processes is of rather small particle si2e and contains substantial amounts of higher (mostly aromatic) hydrocarbons which may render it hydrophobic, sticky, and difficult to remove by filtration. Electrostatic units, combined with water scmbbers, moving coke beds, and bag filters, are used for the removal of soot. The recovery is illustrated by the BASF separation and purification system (23). The bulk of the carbon in the reactor effluent is removed by a water scmbber (quencher). Residual carbon clean-up is by electrostatic filtering in the case of methane feedstock, and by coke particles if the feed is naphtha. Carbon in the quench water is concentrated by flotation, then burned. 

ECO Purification Systems USA, Inc. (EPS) has patented the ECOCHOICE process. This technology uses catalytic oxidation to destroy dissolved organic contaminants in a fixed-bed reactor. Ozone and the polluted water pass through the reactor where the organic contaminants are oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water. Clean water is discharged, and residual ozone is recycled or destroyed within the treatment system. 

Development of Water Treatment Systems. In situ processes produce approximately one barrel of retort water contaminated with carbonaceous residues for each barrel of shale oil recovered. Surface processes also produce retort water but in lower quantities. Although current plans do not call for discharge of wastewater, it much be cleaned for reuse in the process and other uses, such as dust control and solid waste management. 

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