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Schmitz and the other directors, remaining in Berlin, then approached the Goering circle. From March until June, they reminded Goering repeatedly that there were many Jews in the Austrian chemical industry who should be replaced by Aryans, whom Farben stood ready to supply. Even before a decision was made, Schmitz prepared the directives which would "safeguard uniform Farben interests" ... 

Figure 8.11 Illustration of Mauguin twisted nematic cell, reported in 1911. Substrates are thin mica plates, which are uniaxial with their optic axis parallel to plane of plates. Apparently, uniaxial crystal stmcture of mica produces strong azimuthal anchoring of nematic LCs of Lehmann, such that director is parallel (or perpendicular) to optic axis of mica sheets at both surfaces. Mauguin showed that method of Poincard could be used to explain optics of system if it was assumed that LC sample created layer of material with uniformly rotating optic axis in twisted cells.

One of the key experimental results leading to the elucidation of this overall structural puzzle involved depolarized reflected light microscopy (DRLM) studies on NOBOW freely suspended films in the high-temperature SmCP phase.48 In the freely suspended films it appears that only one phase is observed, which is assumed to be the phase forming the majority domains in the EO cells. The DRLM experiment provides two key results. First, thin films of any layer number have a uniformly tilted optic axis, suggesting all of the layer interfaces are synclinic. Second, films of even-layer number are nonpolar, while films of odd-layer number are polar, with the polar axis oriented normal to the plane of the director tilt (lateral polarization). 

Application of a field to the ShiCaPa phase causes switching by precession of the director around the tilt cone in alternate layers, to give a ferroelectric ShiCsPf state with uniform tilt. In this case, there can be no domains of opposite tilt since such domains would necessarily have their polarization opposing the applied field. This leads to a uniform SmC-like texture with a green birefringence color. The extinction brushes in the cylindrical focal conic rotate counterclockwise when the net tilt rotates clockwise, as indicated in Figure 8.25. As anticipated, the chiral rotation of the brushes is a direct manifestation of the chirality of the phase. Elsewhere in the sample there must be ShiCaPa domains of opposite handedness, which would possess the opposite sense of tilt for the same sign of the applied field. 

Molecular alignment for which the director rotates in a helical fashion when passing between two substrate surfaces having molecules in uniform planar alignments. 

Elastic deformation of the director, induced by a magnetic induction or electric field, in a uniformly aligned, thin sample of a nematic confined between two surfaces. 

Disability Services, according to the Director, were a mess Waiting lists, he told me, were increasing and out of control , with many months waiting prior to an occupational therapist assessment, except for the highest priority cases (life and limb). There was low morale among staff and a lack of uniformity in practice. 

For an oriented sample with a uniform director orientation the 23Na NMR spectrum at a weak radiofrequency field thus consists of three equally spaced peaks. The relative magnitude of the three resonance lines is governed by the transition probabilities between the different energy levels. It turns out (9) that the central line contributes 40% of the total intensity while each of the satellites contributes 30%. The deuteron NMR spectrum consists of two equally intense peaks. 

The talk was scheduled for the afternoon of a day on which I had been asked to give a talk at TIT in the morning. Around noon, a limousine, with uniformed chauffeur, arrived to drive me to the Fuji Lab, where I was received most graciously. I was invited to lunch, and this was followed by a tour of the laboratory, during which I was shown a number of new products, which no one in Wilmington was aware of. My talk went well, and then the director of laboratory invited me to his office for tea. He asked me to sign a document that he said was... 

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