Directional property transverse

The properties of a unidirectional fibre will not be nearly so good in the transverse direction compared with the longitudinal direction. As a material in service is likely to be subjected to stresses and strains in all directions it is important to be aware of the properties in all directions. The transverse direction will, of course, be the weakest direction and so it is necessary to pay particular attention to this. 

The orthogonal 3D woven laminate used in this work was elaborated and produced by the 3TEX Inc (USA). These laminates consist of unidirectional in-plane layers orientated in the 0 and 90° directions, The transverse reinforcing components are yarns orientated perpendicularly to the midplane, These yarns bind the material and hold the in-plane fibers together. This is achieved without interweaving the in-plane fibers, and hence the reduction in the in-plane stiffness caused by the fiber waviness is avoided. The amount of transverse yarns is about 3 percent of total fiber volume. The longitudinal modulus E of beams were 17.9 GPa and 56,3 GPa for glass and carbon fiber specimens respectively (measured in simple tension) The mechanical properties of the materials are described in detail in [5],... 

The anisotropy of cortical bone tissue has been described in two symmetry arrangements. Lang [1969], Katz and Ukraincik [1971], and Yoon and Katz [1976a,b] assumed bone to be transversely isotropic with the bone axis of symmetry (the 3 direction) as the unique axis of symmetry. Any small difference in elastic properties between the radial (1 direction) and transverse (2 direction) axes, due to the apparent gradient in porosity from the periosteal to the endosteal sides of bone, was deemed to be due essentially to the defect and did not alter the basic symmetry. For a transverse isotropic material, the stiffness matrix [Qj] is given by... 

Woven reinforcement material constructed is by interlacing fibers, yarns, or filaments to form such fabric patterns as basket, plain, harness, satin, leno weaves, scrim, etc. These different weaving patterns are used to provide different processing and/or directional properties. There are filling threads that represent threads in the so-called machine direction warp threads represent those in the transverse direction or at 90° to the filling threads. 

Optical properties given tor NA 345-196 (medium slip, medium antiblock), NA 353-000 (no slip, no antiblock) MD-Machine Direction TD-Transverse Direction. ... 

MD, machine direction TD, transverse direction Property, measured at 50% RH, 23°C Tensile strength, max., MPa Non-std modulus, MPa Elongation to break, %... 

Physical properties MD, machine direction TD, transverse direction XL ... 

Technical composites are multiphased, anisotrqiic bodies. Efficient and reliable use of such materials necessitates optimization of a laminated composite with respect to all of its directional properties (particularly, transverse tensile, shear, and longitudinal compression, as well as the earlier emphasis upon longitudinal properties). 

Sheet (20 mils) can be extruded readily from the new high molecular weight polymer. Quenched sheet is transparent and amber in color, while annealed sheet is opaque (Table VI). Tensile strength increases somewhat on annealing and elongation decreases. There is essentially no difference between machine direction and transverse direction in mechanical properties-... 

Young s modulus of a fibre composite is determined by the elastic properties of the constituent materials and also depends on the loading direction. Because the fibres are usually stiffer than the matrix, the modulus is larger in fibre direction than transversally to it. 

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