Longitudinal compression

S = shear stress of bomb walls in Ib/sq in, due to the combination of a) tangential stress on bomb walls due to setforward of filler and b) longitudinal compressive stress in bomb walls due to set-forward of bomb... 

A procedure has been described121, although the details are not too clear, for measuring the torque to twist a cylinder whilst it is under longitudinal compression. 

The synthesis loop boiler on the exit of the converter is also a very important piece of equipment. In some modern plants not equipped with an auxiliary boiler it supplies nearly half of the total steam generation. It may generate as much as 1.5 t of steam per tonne of ammonia, equivalent to about 90% of the reaction heat. Fire-tube versions have been also used, including Babcock-Borsig s thin-tubesheet design. But compared to the secondary reformer service, where the gas pressure is lower than the steam pressure, the conditions and stress patterns are different. In the synthesis loop boiler the opposite is the case, with the result that the tubes are subjected to longitudinal compression instead of being under tension. Several failures in this application have been reported [993], and there was some discussion of whether this type of boiler is the best solution for the synthesis loop waste-heat duty. 

H6. Hantman, D. A., Vogel, J. M., Donaldson, C. L., Friedman, R., Goldsmith, R. S., and Hulley, S. B., Attempts to prevent disuse osteoporosis by treatment with calcitonin, longitudinal compression and supplementary calcium and phosphate. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 36, 845-858 (1973). 

A necessary and sufficient condition for the destruction of the sample material is the formation of one or more of the trunk, that is, through, cracks, causing division of the sample in two or more parts. Under this condition, the presence of a large number of samples, even non-through crack is not to say its destruction, on the other hand, education, for example, through the cracks in the longitudinal compression of the sample is considered equivalent to its destruction, even if formed part could still withstand compressive load. 

There are various operation modes for piezoelectric sensors, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the plate and the material [1]. These modes include transversal compression, thickness or longitudinal compression, thickness shear action and face shear action. Also available are piezoelectric polymeric films, which are very thin, lightweight and pliant, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [3,4]. These films can be cut easily and adapted to uneven surfaces. Resonance applications are not possible with PVDFs because of their low mechanical quality factor. However, they can be used in acoustical broad-band applications for microphones and loudspeakers. 

Static mechanical properties of aerogels have been measured mainly by the three-point flexure test [54] or by direct longitudinal compression [55]. The... 

The general solution of equation (4.71) for an isotropic solid shows the existence of waves that are purely longitudinal (compressive) and purely transverse (shear). In the more difficult case of an anisotropic solid, we consider the existence of a plane wave represented by... 

Reinforcement required for openings subject to external pressure only or where longitudinal compression governs shall only be 50% of that required for internal pressure and t is thickness required for external pressure [1, Section UC-37(d) ]. 

Fy = minimum specified yield strength, psi Fi, = allowable longitudinal compressive stress, psi 1 = moment in inertia, in. ... 

Maximum longitudinal compressive stress, oi. With external pressure. 

S = code allowable stress, tension, psi El = modulus of elasticity, psi ts = equivalent thickness of steel shell which represents the anchor bolts in tension, in. T = tensile load in steel, lb V — Poisson s ratio, 0.3 for steel B=code allowable longitudinal compressive stress, psi... 

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