Direct current voltage, degraded cell

Conventional in situ analysis of fnel cells is limited in most cases to static and dynamic electrochanical methods, in particular to current-voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy or cyclovoltammetry. These techniques provide an integral type of information and cannot easily differentiate between cathode and anode. Aiming at complementary and more selective information, a fuel cell capable of operating in the resonator of an X-band spectrometer was developed (Fig. 16), which permits direct observation and monitoring of radical formation. This study had the objective to identify fuel cell operating conditions that lead to oxidative membrane degradation. 

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