Diquat 1,1 -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium

Paraquat (1, 1 -dimethyl-4,4-bipyridium chloride and Diquat (1, 1 -ethylene-2, 2-bipyridylium bromide)... 

Paraquat (methylviologen), 1,1 -dimethyl-4,4 -bipyri-dylium fSichloride salt) diquat, 1,1 -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium. 

Cationic Diquat dibromide Nitrogen-containing H 85-00-7 l,r-Ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium dibromide,monohydrate... 

The classical route for producing 2,2 -dipyridyl consists in the dehydrodimerization of pyridine on Raney-Ni using a process developed by the Imperial Chemical Industries [63AHC(2)179 68CI(L)49, 80MI4]. 2,2 -Bipyridyl reacts with ethylene bromide to give l,l -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium bromide (diquat). The production of one ton of the diquat (which is widely used as a herbicide) requires 1.2 tons of pyridine [Eq.(17)]. 

The next major class of widely used herbicides is made up of the bipyridi-um compounds, which include paraquat (l,l -dimethyl-4,4 -bipyridylium dichloride) and diquat (l,l -ethylene-2-2 -bipyridylium dibromide). Experimental exposure of animals, or accidental or deliberate exposure of humans to high doses of paraquat, produces respiratory toxicity after 10 to 14 days. Although this polar compound is poorly absorbed after oral delivery, it is actively concentrated in the lung. There it results in necrosis of pulmonary tissue followed by a proliferative phase that ultimately ends in pulmonary fibrosis and end-stage lung disease. The initial toxicity is directed at membranes and is a result of free radical oxidative damage secondary to generation of... 

Dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-l,4-oxatiin, see Carboxin 9,10-Dihydro-8a,10-diazoniaphenanthrene dibromide, see Diquat Dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene-(l,l -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium)dibromide, see... 

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