Diorganotin dihalides

The diorganotin dihalldes summarized in Tables 1 2 through 1 6 are prepared by methods from the following scheme. 

R = R = organic group may be different in one molecule, may be functionally substituted. X = X = halogen, n = I-5. Additional references to diorganotin dihalides are listed in Chapters 8.1 and 9  

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A diorganotin dihalide with two asymmetric atoms, 2-[l-(S)-dimethylaminoethyl-... 

Diorganotin dihalides react differently, since they produce polytin disodium compounds75-77, which consequently can be treated with triorganotin hahdes ... 

Halogen exchange reactions can also be used for the preparation of mixed diorganotin dihalides of the type R2SnXY337 (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) ... 

This reaction is likewise applicable to diorganotin dihalides ... 

Diorganotin dihalides react with aryllithium, arylcopper or arylgoldlithium providing triorganotin halides350 ... 

Diorganotin dichlorides, in diorganotin preparation, 24 820 Diorganotin dihalides, 24 820 Diorganotin esters, 24 820 Diorganotin mercaptocarboxylates, as polyurethane foam catalysts,... 

Et2C6H3 ) is essentially planar. These tin-oxygen heterocycles are prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding diorganotin dihalides, which, in the case of the aryl derivative, is formed by the reaction of (2,4-pentane-dionato)tin dichloride with the aryl Grignard reagent. 

The interaction of diorganotin dihalides with halide ions (usually as the ammonium or potassium salts) can lead to the formation (equation 9 either X = Y or Y 7 X) of... 

Reaction of diorganotin dihalides with halide ions, which can lead to the formation of either pentacoordinate trihalodiorganostannates R2SnX3- or hexacoordinate tetrahalodiorganostannates R2SnX/t2, was discussed in Section IV.A.4. As noted, the [Pl SnCLt]2- anion is formed from the disproportionation reaction of Ph2SnCl3 (equation 10, Section IV.A.4) rather than by addition of chloride ion to the latter281. 

For a long time all efforts at isolating both a five- and six-coordinated diorganotin dihalide adduct containing the same donor ligand had failed. The authors424 were successful in obtaining the precise conditions necessary to isolate 1 1 (Table 28) and 1 2... 

In diorganotin dihalide complexes with sulphoxide-containing ligands, the coordination number at tin is increased to six and the sulphoxide oxygen-tin distances are significantly shortened as compared with 142-145. In poly[c/ s-dichloro-tra .s-dimethyUin-/r-meso-... 

Tin metal also reacts directly with a number of activated organic halides, including allyl bromide, benzyl chloride, chloromethyl methyl ether, and p-halocarboxylic esters and nitriles giving fair-to-good yields of diorganotin dihalides (97,111—114). 

Me2SnCl2 from MeCl and Sn at 180-190 °C. The dominant products from such direct syntheses are usually the diorganotin dihalides (equation 1). 

Diorganotin dihalides with in-built donor groups can form monomeric octahedral complexes (with two in-built donor centers) or trigonal bipyramidal complexes (with one in-built donor center), e g. (24) and (25). Methyltin trihalides are assumed, from spectroscopic evidence, to have polymeric structures. For monoorganotin halides with in-built donor centers, chelate structures with trigonal bipyramidal tin atoms are possible, e.g. (26) and (27). 

In addition to the hydrostannolysis reaction, another procedure that has been used for the synthesis of tristannanes, such as compound 39, is through the reaction of the triorganotin anions, R3SnLi, with diorganotin dihalides according to Eq. (9) in Scheme 8. This method has also been... 

Allyl bromide or benzyl chloride and various ring-substituted benzyltin chlorides however react with metallic tin in refluxing toluene (110 °C) to give good yields of the corresponding diorganotin dihalide (e.g. equation 4-40) 62 the tin can be activated with mercuric chloride and triethylamine 63 Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl bromide similarly reacts with tin to give the pentamethylcyclopentadienyltin bromides.64... 

Crystallographic data for some diorganotin dihalides and pseudohalides are shown in Table 11-5. 

More details of the hydrolysis pathway of diorganotin dihalides are shown in equation 12-16. A lot of attention has been paid to the various intermediates 12-7-12-12 that are formed, in part because of their potential use as catalysts. 

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