Diode laser construction

Activities for miniaturizing mass spectrometers (e.g., microplasma on chip or insertion of diode lasers in RIMS), for constructing cheaper and more compact instrumentation with the same performance or improved properties compared to existing instruments are required as the next generation mass spectrometers. The introduction of microwave induced plasmas or of p,-torches to reduce Ar gas consumption involves developments in this future direction. 

The differences in construction of a niicrolaser from a conventional gas laset or conventional diode laser are shown in Fig. 7. 

Infrared diode lasers are used in compact disc players and laser printers, and in bar code readers (see Chapter 11). They are solid-state devices, typically constructed of gallium arsenide, and energy is pumped into them at a low potential... 

The Construction of a Single Diode Laser in a Laser Array... 

Refractometry is another approach for direct detection of carbohydrates. An interesting holography-based refractive index detector was implemented by Burggraf et al. [207]. A cyclic channel of 80 mm in circumference and 10-p.m deep was fabricated. The detection scheme was constructed having a diode laser beam (670 nm) split into two beams, one passing through the separation... 

Being able to produce poled polymers with stable second order nonlinearities, it is possible to construct prototype devices in which the polymer is the active component . As mentioned above major applications are foreseen in light modulation and frequency-doubled diode lasers. Despite the high nonlinearities obtained, fruitful use of these nonlinearities is only possible when an appropriate interactionlength is used, hence waveguide structures are necessary. An example is given in figure 19. 

Tunable diode lasers (TDLs) are semiconductor devices (typically GaAs) which are essentially light emitting diodes constructed with an optical resonator. Lasing is achieved by delivering a small current to the photodiode. Tuning is achieved by changing... 

How can phase-modulation fluorometry contribute to this health-care need It now seems possible to construct a lifetime-based blood gas catheter (Figure 1.3), or alternatively, an apparatus to read the blood gas in the freshly drawn blood at the patient s bedside. To be specific, fluorophores are presently known to accomplish the task using a 543-nm Green Helium-Neon laser,(18 19) and it seems likely that the chemistries will be identified for a laser diode source. The use of longer wavelengths should minimize the problems of light absorption and autofluorescence of the samples, and the use of phase or modulation sensing should provide the robustness needed in a clinical environment. For the more technically oriented researcher, we note that the... 

The use of conjugated light emitting polymers in the construction and commercialisation of organic LEDs is described in the section 3.8.6 on electroluminescence phenomena of Chapter 3. The rapid expansion of the development work on LEDs has inevitably led to the examination of luminescent conjugated polymers as materials for constructing laser diodes. 

All of our natural experience with optics occurs in the linear domain. In order to apply nonlinear optics in practice, light must first interact with the NLO material. In our laboratories, free space interconnections are usually employed for this purpose. That is, a laser beam is aimed at the material under examination. In any practical use of NLO, such simplistic solutions will not be possible, for reasons both of safety and rugged construction of the device. Light will need to be moved around in space within the device. In many second order devices, whether they are color-specific lasers, such as doubled diode or YAG lasers, or EO modulators such as spatial light modulators (SLM s) waveguide or fiber optic connections will be used. Aspects of these materials will not be reviewed. 

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