2.3- Dimercaptopropanol-sulfonic acid

Abbreviations DHG = Ar,Ar-di(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine NTA = nitrilotriacetic acid EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tiron = pyrocatechol-3,5-disulfonic acid BAL = 2,3-dimercaptopropanol unithiol = sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulfonate tren — triaminatriethylamine penten = tetrakis(aminoethyl)ethylenediamine bipy = 2,2 -bipyridyl phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. 

Syrup of ipecac (purging solution) and gastric lavage should be administered within 4-6 h of oral exposure to arsenic. Antidotes include 3-5 mg kg BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) administered intramuscularly. Penicilamine has also been administered with optical neuritis as a side effect. Certain synthetic, water-soluble dimercapto compounds (DMSA - meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 2,3-dimercaptopro-pane-l-sulfonate) have been found effective. 

For acute toxicity, emesis is recommended. Treatment is symptomatic. A combination of BAL (British AntiLewisite 2,3-dimercaptopropanol) and calcium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid has been used successfully in a poisoned infant. Penicillamine has also been used. Recently, oral administration of 2,3-dime-rcaptol-propane sulfonate was found to be effective in experimental rodents. Electrolyte balance must be maintained when gastric lavage is indicated. Potassium ferrocyanide should be added to precipitate the copper. 

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