Dilute, weak

Suitable peroxide-free ether is prepared by washing ether with an equal volume of a dilute, weakly acidic solution of ferrous sulfate. 

This simplified equation applies to all cases except for very dilute weak acid solutions. 

A solution can be prepared in different concentrations according to the amount of solute dissolved in it. For example, coffee can be strong or weak. Strong coffee contains more coffee dissolved in a given amount of water than weak coffee. The terms concentrated and dilute are used to describe solutions. Solutions that contain a relatively large amount of solute are called concentrated (strong coffee is concentrated). Those containing a relatively small amount of solute are called dilute (weak coffee is dilute). 

Under normal experimental conditions of concentrations, this equilibrium is set up with only a certain fraction of the NH3(aq) protonated to give NKU Caq) and OH (aq). However, for the limiting conditions of infinite dilution, weak electrolytes are considered to be fully ionised and hence for infinite dilution all the NH3(aq) can be considered to be protonated giving NH4" (aq) and OH (aq). For a solution of x mol dm of NH3(aq) present initially there will... 

Differentiate among the terms concentrated, dilute, weak, and strong in describing acids. Use molecular-level pictures to support your answer. 

The Onsager treatment provides an expression for the electric field dependence of kf. Note that kf = k Yi s. The electric-field-induced increase in the conductivity of electrolytes usually starts nonlinear, followed by a range where the relative conductivity change, Ak/k 0), is linearly dependent on the electric field strength and finally approaches a field-independent saturation value. In the linear range Onsager s theory of diluted weak electrolytes yields... 

The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation for Dilute Weak Acids... 

The pH of dilute solutions of weak and strong bases for which the autoionization of water cannot be ignored can be determined by the same procedures used to derive Equations 11.25 and 11.26 for acids. The corresponding equations for dilute weak and strong bases are identical to Equations 11.25 and 11.26, except that is replaced with and jc represents [OH ]. 

Using Equations 11.3,11.11, 11.23, and 11.24 as a starting point, derive the cubic equation for the H ion concentration of a dilute weak acid given by Equation 11.25. 

The extinction of light is a characteristic behaviour of particle systems, which is governed by particle size and concentration—apart from material properties. For dilute, weakly scattering particle systems, the extinction obeys Lambert-Beer law, which states a linear dependency between turbidity r and particle concentration ... 

Under the influence of acids, polyamides exhibit less favorable behavior. Although they are largely resistant to many dilute, weak organic acids, such as citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, they are dissolved or hydrolytically cleaved by mineral acids. Here, the decisive factors are pH-value and diffusion coefficient, temperature and the degree of crystallization, see Section 5.5.9.8.I.2. 

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