Digital material

Using advances in computer reconstruction methods (see e.g. Kikkinides and Burganos, 2000 Torquato, 2001) and past experience with discrete particle deposit simulations (Konstandopoulos, 2000), we have developed algorithmic as well as process-based reconstruction techniques to generate three-dimensional (3D) digital materials that are faithful representations of DPF microstructures. We refer to this approach as DPF microflow simulation (MicroFlowS). MicroFlowS is thus a short name for a computational approach, which combines... 

A distinctive advantage of having digital materials at our disposal is the ability to study catalyst deposition processes in these media. Depending on the way the catalyst is applied (e.g. from a solution or from a slurry) the catalyst coating degree of uniformity (Fig. 6) is expected to lead to different flow resistance behavior of the DPF. 

The reconstructed digital materials previously mentioned are another way to simulate soot deposition apart from the unit-cell models. An example of soot deposition in such a digital material (reconstructed with a process-based algorithm that creates and sinters grains from a pre-computed grain library ) is shown in Fig. 19(a). As time passes the transition from deep bed to cake filtration as the top regions of the filter gets filled with soot is evident in... 

Copying information without changing it, offers a short-term solution for preserving access to digital material by ensuring that information is stored on newer media before the old media deteriorates beyond the point where the information can be retrieved. 

The importance of documentation as a tool to assist in preserving digital material is universally agreed upon. In addition to the metadata necessary for resource discovery, other sorts of metadata, including preservation metadata, describing the software, hardware, and management requirements of the digital material, will provide essential information for preservation. 

Migration Periodic transfer of digital materials from one hardware/software configuration to another, or from one generation of computer technology to a subsequent generation. 

This new technology enables the simultaneous use of two UV curable Modeling materials for building complicated assemblies and structures. In addition, this new technology offers the possibility of building Composite Materials or Digital Materials, as they are called by Objet Geometries Ltd. 

Digital Material is a new and special type of Composite Material, produced during the printing process by the selective deposition of different UV curable materials, from different inkjet nozzles, and according to a predefined Composite Material phase structure. This phase structure is design by Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. 

Alternatively, if one of the component UV curable materials is soft and elastic and the other is hard and brittle. Digital Materials with intermediate or varying mechanical properties can also be produced. In addition, because Digital Materials are not simply a homogeneous combination of two different materials, but Composite Materials, where each component material maintains its own properties within a microscopic phase range, their properties are not just the average of the properties of the component materials, but much more. Because Digital Materials are defined by means of precise software... 

Fig. 3. Inkjet 3D model of a bicycle. The model was built by PolyJet Matrix technology, in a single printing process by the simultaneous use of several Digital Materials.

Since the current tendency is to include more and more simulation in the alloy development process, it is important to coordinate the simulation with experiment. Research conducted at Cornell University by Dr. Paul Dawson and Dr. Matthew Miller will develop an accelerated materials insertion methodology by conducting a coherent set of experiments and simulations, done within the framework of a practical and concrete material description, known as the Digital Material. 

The Digital Material is a material description based on measurable quantities that provides the necessary link between simulation and experiment. Critical components of the Digital Material, a feature based material description with a statistical description of attributes, include 1) experimental methods that provide initial data for simulations and simulation methods to evolve the material attributes, 2) simulation tools that can be used to build virtual specimens, characterize them and compute material properties, 3) coordinated experiments to verify simulations and to supplement critical data and 4) accuracy assessment techniques for both simulation and experiment. Development of this program will itself require simulations and experiments of a fundamental nature. The output will be a model that will permit virtual experiments to be conducted on a two-phase material of previously selected and characterized microstructure. 

Transformation Create different formats from the original digital material. 

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