Differential scanning calorimetry principle

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a technique which aims to study the same thermal phenomena as DTA, but does so on a rather different principle. Hence, although the data obtained are very similar, they may differ in detail. Typical DSC equipment will operate over the temperature range from ambient to ca. 700°C. However, as with DTA, specially modified equipment can extend this substantially in both directions. 

P. J. Haines, M. Reading, F. W. Wilburn. Differential Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. InHandbookofThermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol 1 Principles and Practice M. E. Brown, Ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1998 chapter 5. 

With a somewhat stiffer monomer, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, (HDDA) we have previously observed that the ultimate conversion as measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also depends on light intensity. This has been attributed to the experimentally observed delay of shrinkage with respect to chemical conversion (7). In principle, such a dependence of conversion on intensity should show up in the mechanical properties as well. However, these are difficult to measure with thin samples of HDDA. 

ISO 11357-1, 1977. Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry - General principles. 

Spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the determination of polymer structures. The major part of the book is devoted to techniques that are the most frequently used for analysis of rubbery materials, i.e., various methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopy. One chapter is devoted to (multi) hyphenated thermograviometric analysis (TGA) techniques, i.e., TGA combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. There are already many excellent textbooks on the basic principles of these methods. Therefore, the main objective of the present book is to discuss a wide range of applications of the spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of rubbery materials. The contents of this book are of interest to chemists, physicists, material scientists and technologists who seek a better understanding of rubbery materials. 

This monograph provides an introduction to scanning ther-moanalytical techniques such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Elevated temperature pyrometry, as well as thermal conductivity/diffusivity and glass viscosity measurement techniques, described in later chapters, round out the topics related to thermal analysis. Ceramic materials are used predominantly as examples, yet the principles developed should be general to all materials. 

Laye, P.G. 2002. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In, Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (P. J. Haines, ed.), pp. 55-93, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. 

Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are the most frequently used techniques in lignin chemistry, although thermomechanical analysis (TMA) has also been used effectively in the analysis of thermal properties of lignin (Goring 1963). In this section, the principles of TG, DTA, and DSC, and their application to lignin are described. 

Brown, M.E., Ed., Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, in Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Principles and Practice, Vol. 1, Haines, P.J., Reading, M., and Wilburn, F.W., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998, chap. 5. 

In previous chapters, the principles and applications of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been outlined, and it should be clear that the technique is both versatile and extremely sensitive. Using DSC, it is possible to analyze a wide range of systems quickly and cheaply so that thermodynamic parameters may be obtained. These qualities have led to the widespread use of DSC for not only pure research but also for routine thermal analysis. DSC does, however, have some drawbacks. To achieve good thermal contact with a sample, most DSC instruments are equipped with a pair of sample holders into which prepared sample and reference materials are placed. These materials are usually encapsulated in crimped aluminum ampoules, a typical sample mass being 5 to 10 mg. Such a small mass of sample contributes... 

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