Dicodid - Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone exhibits expressed analgesic and antitussive properties, which make up its primary clinical use. It may cause dependence and addiction. Synonyms for this medication are dicodid, detussin, vicodin, and others. 

Narcotics are divided into naturally occurring, semisynthetic, and synthetic derivatives. The naturally occurring analgesics consist of morphine and codeine (methylmorphine). The semisynthetic analgesics include hydromorphone (Dilaudid) and hydrocodone (Dicodid). The synthetic analgesics consist of meperidine (Demerol), alphaprodine (Nisentil), methadone (Dolophine), propoxyphene (Darvon), and pentazocine (Talwin). 

The correct structure of morphine was proposed in 1925. Ultimate proof of its correct structure had to await its total synthesis, accomplished three decades later. The lack of the correct structure of morphine did not discourage the synthesis of several morphine congeners and derivatives by chemical reaction with the known peripheral functional groups, specifically the phenolic hydroxyl (C-3), and allylic alcohol (C-6), and the double bond (C-7-8) (Fig. 5-8). Among the derivatives introduced before 1930 and still in common usage today are codeine,6 ethylmorphine (Dionin), diacetylmorphine (heroin), hydromor-phone (Dilaudid), hydrocodone (Dicodid), and methyldihydromorphinone (Metopon). 

Hydrocodone, 4,5-Epoxy-3-methoxy- 17-methvt-morphinan-6-one dihydrocodeinone Bekadid Dicodid. C,H31NOj mol wt 299.36. C 72.21%, H 7-07%, N 4.68%, O [6,03%. Prepn by hydrogenation of codeinone Mannich, Lowenheim, Arch. Pharm. 258, 295 (1920) by oxidation of dihydrocodeine, Ger. pat. 415,097 (1925 to E. Merck), Frdl. 15, 1518 (1925-1927) by catalytic rearrangement of codeine Ger. pet. 623,821. Industrial prepn from dihydrocodeine Pfister. Tishler, U.S. pal, 2,715,626 (1955 to Merck Co-)-Toxicity data Eddy, Reid, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 52,468 (1934). Review Small. Lutz. "Chemistry of the Opium Alkaloids, Suppl. No. 103, Public Health Reports, Washington (1932). 

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