Dichloroacetic add

The copolymerization of isocyanides, such as cyclohexyl, phenyl, p-toluyl and (r-toluyl—singly with diazomethane (6), or as mixtures of two isocyanides (7)—has been reported. These products are largely insoluble in common organic solvents but are dispersed in dichloroacetic add. Millich and Wang copolymerized sec-butyl isocyanide with a-phenylethyl isocyanide, and obtained a copolymer sparingly soluble in common solvents (8). Recently, Millich and Chenvanij copolymerized a phenylethyl isocyanide with methyl a-isocyanopropionate, and obtained copolymers which have solubilities suitable to conventional solution characterization methods (8,9). 

The carbanion derived from isopropyl dichloroacetate adds on to 5a-cholestan-3-one to give the 3/3-hydroxy-3 -carboxydichloromethyl derivative (148) under kinetic control, or the a-chloroglycidic ester (149) under thermodynamic control.151 The latter compound rearranges in refluxing dioxan to give the 3/3-chloro-3a-oxalyl derivative (150). 

The PAni spirming solution was prepared and a continuous mono filamentefiber was then spun and thermally stretched five times from the iiutial length [15,36]. PAni (Santa Fe Science and Technology, 280000g moT ), dichloroacetic add (DCAA,... 

The elimination can be subject to general base catalysis. Loudon and Noyce found general base catalysis in the dehydration of substituted l-aryl-2-phenylethanols in aqueous dioxane solution with 1 1 dichloroacetic add-soditun dichloroacetate buffers. Loudon, G. M. Noyce, D. S. /. Am. Chem. Soc. 1%9, 91,1433. 

PPPQ as shown in Scheme 1. These poly(quinoline)s were readily dissolved in r ds such as formic and dichloroacetic adds. Thus the photoluminescence prprties of these polymers in solution and solid state were investigated in det. ... 

The a values obtained in this manner have an uncertainty of 0.08 and are listed in Table 3.9 adopted from [3]. Water has a large value of a = 1.17, but certain phenols and halogen-substituted alkanols and carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic hexafluoro-i-propanol has a = 1.96, dichloroacetic add has a = 2.24, and trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid has AN = 131.7, much higher than the value for water, 54.8, but these are rarely used as solvents for electrolytes and therefore are not dealt with further here. 

Selectivity is a major issue for the mono-chlorination of acetic acid to chloroacetic acid since second chlorination gives dichloroacetic acid and other chlorinated species including add chloride formation [132]. The removal of these impurities, especially of the dichloroacetic add is laborious and costly, either by crystallization or by reduction with a palladium catalyst. 

A yield of 85% was obtained with a falling film microreactor, which outperforms large-scale bubble column processing [132]. Selectivity was also superior with <0.05% dichloroacetic add formed. Conventional processing has much higher levels of impurity ( 3.5%). When both, temperature and pressure, were slightly... 

Fig. 3. The diffusion constant as measured by light beating spectroscopy of poly-benzyl-L-glutamate in dichloroacetic add (E>CA)-dichloroethylene (DCE) mixtures as a function of the solvent composition (52). The is the measured value of the diffusion constant reduced to a standard viscosity. The dashed line shows optical rotation data taken on the same solutions...

DBSA (p-dodecyl benzenesulfonic add) 593 DBU 479,1153 DCA (dichloroacetic add) 71 DCC (dynamic combinatorial chemistry) 232 DDQ... 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium laureth sulfate, soyamidopropyl betaine, cocamide DEA, glycol stearate, propylene glycol, dichloroacetic add (< 0.01%), formaldehyde (<0.1%)... 

---