Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane

The uncertainties of the equation of state are 0.1% in density, 1.5% in heat capacity, and 2% in the speed of sound, except in the critical region. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is 0.1%. Uncertainties are greater below 180 K. The uncertainty in viscosity is 5%. The uncertainty in thermal conductivity is 2%. 

---

Some of the common blowing agent substitutes currently proposed for insulation-type foams used in refrigeration appliance cabinets are 1,1-dichloro-fluoroethane (HCFC-141 b), 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (H-FC-134a). 

Dichlono(trifluoromethyl)methane Dichloro-trifluoroethane EINECS... 

A significant development ia trifluoromethylpyridine synthesis strategy is the use of fluoriaated aUphatic feedstocks for the ring-constmction sequence. Examples iaclude the manufacture of the herbicide dithiopyr, utilising ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate [372-31-6] CF2COCH2COOC2H (436,437). 2,3-Dichloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine [69045-84-7], a precursor to several crop-protection chemicals (see Table 15), can be prepared by conversion of l,l,l-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [354-58-5], CF CCl, to 2,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropionaldehyde [82107-24-2], CF2CCI2CHO, followed by cycUzation with acrylonitrile [107-13-1] (415). 

Preparation. Thermal elimination of HCl from l-chloro-l,l-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) [75-68-3] is the principal industrial route to VDF covered by numerous patents (8—19). Dehydrohalogenation of l-bromo-l,l-difluoroethane (20), or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) (21—25), or dehalogenation of l,2-dichloro-l,l-difluoroethane (26—28) are investigated alternative routes (see Fluorine compounds, organic-fluorinated aliphatic compounds). 

Chlo r ofluo r oca rho ns. I,I,I-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane chlorodifluoro-methane I,2-dichloro-I,I,2,2-tetrafluoroethane chloropentafluoro-ethane... 

With successive equivalents of chlonne monofluonde 1,1 1,2 tetrachloroethane gives 1 -fluoro-1,1,2-tnchloroethane, 1,2 dichloro-1,1 -difluoroethane, 2-chloro 1,1,1-trifluoroethane with some 1-chloro-1 1,2 tnfluoroethane, and finally 1,1,1,2 tetra-fluoroethane (equation 13)... 

Under anaerobic conditions, various reactions can occur, and the following are illustrative (a) trichlorofluoromethane -> carbon monoxide (b) hexachloroethane tetrachlo-roethene (c) l,l,l-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane l,l-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethene (Hur et al. 1994). 

Harris JW, Pohl LR, Martin JL, et al. Tissue acylation by the chlorofluorocarbon substitute 2,2-dichloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991 88(4) 1407—1410. 

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements have recently been used for their lower stability and because they have carbon-hydrogen bonds, which means that their atmospheric lifetime is expected to be much shorter than those of CFCs. The adsorption properties of l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC 113) and its replacement compounds, l,l-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC123), 1,1-dichloro-l-fluoroethane (HCFC141b), and l,l-dichloro-l,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC225ca) on four kinds of activated carbons were investigated. The adsorption isotherms of inhalational anesthetics (halothane, chloroform, enflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane) on the activated carbon were measured to evaluate the action mechanism of inhalational anesthesia. The anesthesia of CFC replacements can be estimated by the Freundlich constant N of the adsorption isotherms (Tanada et al., 1997). 

Acute pyridine treatment (single intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg bw) increased the metabolism of 2-butanol twofold in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes and threefold in rabbit (New Zealand White) liver microsomes (Page Carlson, 1993). In liver microsomes from pyridine-treated (one intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg bw, daily for four days) male Sprague-Dawley rats, increased oxidative biotransformation of the chlorofluorocarbon l,2-dichloro-l,l,2-trifluoroethane was found the day after the last injection (Dekant et al, 1995). 

Dekant, W., Assmann, M. Urban, G (1995) The role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the species-dependent biotransformation of l,2-dichloro-l,l,2-trifluoroethane in rats and mice. Toxicol appl. Pharmacol, 135, 200-207... 

Catalytic amounts of antimony(V) chloride (3 — 5%) enchance the fluorinating activity of chlorine monofluoride. In the presence of antimony(V) chloride, chlorine monofluoride reacts with CFC-113 (l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane) at — 40 to — 60 C to give CFC-114 (1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane).107... 

As 2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133b) and 2,2-dichIoro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123b) are industrially produced CFC alternatives, the original academic oxidative reaction to produce them is now of technical importance 7 a thermal oxidation method for 2.2-dichloro-l,1,l-trifluoroethane that is attractive from an industrial point of view has been developed7 and high yields of trifluoroacetic acid were obtained in a continuous process in addition, minor products were characterized. The acid is formed by continuous hydrolysis of the reaction mixture.7... 

---