Dicarboxylic adds synthesis

In the early stage of thiepin chemistry, Scott26) reported the synthesis of benzo-[phthalaldehyde with diethyl 3-thiapentanedioate followed by hydrolysis. Shortly after Scott s synthesis, Dimroth et al.27) found that the ester 34a was thermally more stable than the free acid... 

Kolbe electrolysis is generally useful for the formation of hydrocarbons from monocarboxylic acids and for the preparation of many difunctional compounds as well. A specific illustration is the synthesis of esters of long-chain dicarboxylic adds from monoesters of appropriate dicarboxylic acids (see p. 33). A number of these syntheses are discussed by Fichter.4 In the present preparation, a two-compartment cell is employed to avoid, or at least greatly reduce, undesired reduction of the nitro group at the cathode. It seems likely that the procedure could be adapted to the preparation of other difunctional compounds containing groups that are easily reduced. 

Benzo[6]thiophene-2,3-dicarboxylic add dimethyl ester synthesis, 4, 895... 

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic add, 1-methyl-decarboxylation, 5, 435 Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic add anhydride synthesis, 5, 435... 

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic adds, coupling, 5, 403 decarboxylation, 5, 434 1-substituted synthesis, 5, 468 synthesis, 5, 362, 402, 484 Imidazole-4,5-dione, l-alkyl-2-phenyl-synthesis, 5, 129, 479 Imidazole-2,4-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-4,5-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithione, 5,5-diphenyl-tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithiones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazolepropanol synthesis, 5, 486 Imidazoles accelerators epoxy resins, 1, 407... 

Pterin-6-cafboxylic acid, 3,8-dimethyl-rearrangements, 3, 309 Pterincarboxylic acids occurence, 3, 323 Pterin-6-carboxylic acids acidity, 3, 277 methylation, 3, 297 synthesis, 3, 295, 304 Pterin-7-carboxylic adds acidity, 3, 277 methylation, 3, 297 synthesis, 3, 295 Pterin coenzymes biochemical pathways, 1, 260-263 Pterin-6,7-dicarboxylic add decarboxylation, 3, 304 reactions, 3, 304... 

Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic add also has tremendous industrial potential, because it could replace oil-derived diadds such as adipic or terephthalic acid as monomers for polyesters and polyamides [98, 99]. This diadd can be synthesized by Pt-catalyzed oxidation with 02 of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural the latter is obtained by acid-catalyzed dehydration of D-frudose or frudosans (inulin) the latter, however, are too expensive as starting materials, and yields from glucose-based waste raw materials are no higher than 40%. Therefore, the potential attractive option of furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid will develop only after an effident generation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from forestry waste materials has been developed. The same compound is also the starting material for the synthesis of other interesting chemicals obtained by oxidative processes, such as 5-hydroxymethylfuroic add, 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic add and the 1,6-dialdehyde. 

Method 14 involves the sol-gel synthesis of OMS-2. In this case dicarboxylic acids like maleic acid are used to reduce KMn04. Highly crystalline low surface area OMS-2 materials can be made in this manner. The dicarboxylic acids are oxidized to CO2 as is the case for the sol-gel sugar preparations (Method 3). It is apparent from studies of sol-gel syntheses that strong acids react very rapidly and do not generate stable sols. For this reason, weak acidic material like dicarboxylic adds, sugars, cyclodextrins and similar materials need to be used. 

This complex route to tropinone was Imitated as long ago as 1917 In one of the most celebrated reactions of all time, Robinson s tropinone synthesis. Robinson argued on purely chemical grounds that the sequence of Imlne salts and enols, which later (1970) turned out to be Nature s route, could be produced under natural conditions (aqueous solution at pH 7) from a C4 dialdehyde, MeNH2 and acetone dicarboxylic add. It worked and the Intermediates must be very similar to those in the biosynthesis. 

Warwel S, Sojka M, Rosch M (1993) Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Adds by Transition-Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Terminal-Unsaturated Fatty Adds. 164 79 - 98... 

Pyrimidine-4,5-dicarbonitrile, 2-methyl-hydrolysis, 3, 83, 84 Pyrimidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid synthesis, 3, 76, 122 Pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic add decarboxylation, 3, 80... 

X. Li, X. Lu, Y. Lin, J. Zhan, Y. Li, Z. Liu, X. Chen, S. Liu, Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic adds and multihydroxyl primary amines. Macromolecules 39 (2006) 7889-7899. 

W.G. Kim, H.G. Yoon, J.Y. Lee, Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. V. Synthesis and biodegradation behavior of polyfester amide)s composed of l,4 3,6-dianhydro-D-gludtol, a-amino acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic add units, J. Appl. Polym. 

Kornberg, H. L. and Madsen, N. B. (1957) Synthesis of C4-dicarboxylic adds from acetate by a glyoxylate by-pass of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 24, 651-653. 

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