Dibenzo indene

By analogy with the formation of3//-azepines by cycloaddition of 2//-azirines withcyclopenta-dienones, l,3-diphenyl-2//-inden-2-one (58) and its dibenzo analog 60 enter into [4 + 2] cycloadditions with 27/-azirines to give 3//-2-benzazepines 59 and phenanthro[9,10-e]azepincs 61, respectively.96... 

The synthesis of a new class of compounds possessing the general structure 4,4,8,8-tetraalkyl-2,3 6,7-dibenzo-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-l,5-diol (84) deserves mention since the basic skeleton is analogous to that of the pavines (Scheme 12) (124-129). Oxidation of a series of indeno[2,l-a]indenes 82 with chromic acid yielded dibenzocyclooctanediones 83. Treatment of these diketones with various amines resulted in a transannular reaction to afford species 84 in good yields. 

For the kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of other 2- to 4-ring PAHs with OH radicals, N03 radicals, and 03, see, e.g., phenanthrene, Kwok et al. (1994a), and indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihy-droanthracene, Kwok et al. (1997) for dibenzo-thiophene, a volatile S-PAC that is ubiquitous in polluted ambient air environments and forms mutagenic photooxidation products, see Kwok et al. (1999) see also Kwok et al. (1994b) for a review of gas-phase NO-, radical reactions with aromatics. 

Bampos and coworkers (10ACI3930) have reported the synthesis of a new indene expanded porphyrin also called [22]dibenzo-dicarba-hexa-phyrin (1.0.0.1.0.0) 121 (Scheme 49) by "2+2" acid-catalyzed condensation of (S-alkyl-substituted dipyrromethanes 119 with 2-ethynyl-benzaldehyde 120. 

Should we wish to allow for related multi-ring species (> three rings), there are also enthalpy of formation data for carbazole (XLIX), dibenzofuran (L) and dibenzothi-ophene (LI), some benzo and dibenzotetraazapentalenes (also called benzoannelated triazolotriazoles) (e.g., LH, LIII, both drawn without formal charges) [81] and their nitro derivatives [82], for 4-methyl-4//-a/a- (LIV) and 4-oxa-indene (LV) [83] (also called /V-methyl-azalene or 1-pyrindene, and oxalene, respectively), or more properly the 2,3 5,6-dibenzo derivatives thereof, and for 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (LVI) [84], However, in the name of brevity we have decided not to discuss these benzoannelated species in this chapter. Instead, these await future analysis. 

Dibenzo[b,fjpentalene (indeno[2,la]indene dianion) (32 ) has attracted much interest82). Its preparation via lithium metal reduction of 3 and from 32 by deprotonation with BuLi is very easy. NMR studies ( H, 13C and 7Li) of this system yield information on the electron distribution and the ion pair structure 60,81,82). The intermediate step, i.e. the radical anion 3 affords the estimation of charge densities. The starting material, viz. 3, is a 4nn system and is an excellent example of the Randic approach of polycyclic system s8). The H NMR spectrum of 32 shows the balance... 

Chlor-inden 7.5 g 2 g Bcnzo-phenon 100 ml Benzol 8 Fluores-zenz-Lampen (A = 350 nm) Pyrex-GefaB 25 Stdn. l,2-Dichlor- dibenzo-syn-tricydo 5.3.0. 0tfi]decadien-(3,8) )a 14,5 115 4... 

Cl 5 3-Chlor-inden 2,3 g 0,2 g Bonzo-phonon 5 ml Benzol Hg-Hoch-druck-Brenner Pyrox-Filtor 0° 8 Stdn. 2 Kristall-Modifikati-onen l,2-Dichlor- ( dibenzo-anii-tricydo [5.3.0.d2-6]-decadien-(3,9)) 21 169-170 und 180-181 4... 

Chlor-inden wird mit Bcnzophenon als Sensibilisator in benzolischer Losnng an 2-Oxo-2H-chromen addiort es bildet sich 8-Chlor-lO-oxo-(dibenzo-9-oxa-tricyclo[5.4.0. 02 R]undecadien-(3,10)y (87 % d.Th.)2-3. Setzt man dagegen In den mit 3-Chlor-2-oxo-2II-chromen um, so entstelit 2-Oxo-3- 1-chlar-indenyl-(2)]- 2H-chromen (28% d.Th.)3 ... 

Figure 10 Reconstructed GCxGC-ToF MS contour plots (m/z 276 + 278) obtained for (1) indene[1,23-cd]pyrene, (2) dibenzo[a,/i]anthracene, and (3) benzo[gbi]perylene on DB-5 X BPX-50 using a Pm of (A) 5 s, (B) 6 s, and (C) 7 s. All other experimental parameters were kept constant throughout the study (see text).

Indene and fluorene (benzo- and dibenzo-cyclopentadiene) also have acidic methylene groups and can be converted into metal indenides and fluorenides respectively. A tetramethylammonium salt of fluorene has also been prepared [47]. It is an orange compound which remains unchanged when kept under nitrogen, and decomposes to give fluorene and 9-methylfluorene when heated in ether. Annelation reduces the acidity of the cyclopentadiene ring, however [48]. This infers reduced stabilisation of the cyclopentadienide anion relative to the... 

Acetyl tri butyl citrate Acetyl triethyl citrate Acetyl trimethyl citrate Castor oil, polymerized Coumarone/indene resin Diethylene glycol dibenzoate s-Dioctyl phthalate Diphenyl octyl phosphate Ditridecyl adipate 2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate Ethyl toluenesulfonamide Glyceryl rosinate Isodecyl benzoate Meroxapol 171 Meroxapol 172... 

Derivatized kraft lignin has been incorporated at a level of 85% into poly(vinyl acetate) to produce a thermoplastic material that can be extrusion-molded (98). Alkylated 100% kraft lignin has been shown to give thermoplastic material that possesses tensile properties similar to polystyrene pyrrolidinone was used as a solvent, diethyleneglycol dibenzoate and indene were used as plasticizers (99). 

Figure 5. Tensile behaviour to point of ftacture for 85% kraft lignin-based thermoplastic blends with poly(vinyl acetate) in presence of diethyleneglycol dibenzoate (1.6%) and indene (0.8%). Stress-strain a-e curves determined for material test pieces at strain rate of 4.5 x 10" sec" graphical data from reference 1.

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