Dialysis theory

The cause of pruritus is unknown, although several mechanisms have been proposed. Vitamin A is known to accumulate in the skin and serum of patients with CKD, but a definite correlation with pruritus has not been established. Histamine may also play a role in the development of pruritus, which may be linked to mast cell proliferation in patients receiving hemodialysis. Hyperparathyroidism has also been suggested as a contributor to pruritus, despite the fact that serum PTH levels do not correlate with itching. Accumulation of divalent ions, specifically magnesium and aluminum, may also play a role in pruritus in patients with CKD. Other theories that have been proposed include inadequate dialysis, dry skin, peripheral neuropathy, and opiate accumulation.43... 

Frankly, it is our opinion that in this area theory and practice don t agree. Electrode potential values are of great value, and much reliance must be placed on this mahgned parameter. The dependence on electrode potentials in dialysis work is probably best emphasized by a typical example. 

Based on Donnan s [18, 19] and Onsager s [41, 42] fundamental works, the theories for Donnan dialysis systems were developed [20-26, 32-36]. The BAHLM system could be considered as two DD systems, operating in consecutive order, continuously in one module (see Fig. 6.2) the first is composed of feed/LM and the second is composed of LM/strip compartments, separated by ion-exchange membranes. Therefore, the Kedem-Katchalsky equations [43, 44] can be applied to our case ... 

This is of importance for tlw theory of dialysis and colloids, as well as for the mechanism of liv, m arid animal cells. 

Dialysis is a selectivity enhancement technique where the observed selectivity is primarily dependent on the properties of the membrane used in the dialysis manifold (Martin and Meyerhoff 1986). The usual system will have a membrane which is capable of transporting ions. In theory, any ion of interest can be separated from the matrix. Unfortunately, most membranes which are currently available to analytical chemists are not very selective. The dialysis process can also be seen as a way to dilute a sample. 

J. S. Schultz and P. Gerhardi, Dialysis Culture of Microorganisms, Design. Theory, and Results,... 

These parallel-plate devices have identical design for gas diffusion and dialysis, the only difference being the membrane material (Sections 4.6.2 and 4.6.3), and therefore the theory of these two systems has a common feature as far as transport of the analyte from the bulk toward the membrane surface is concerned. 

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