Diadema setosum

L. V. Benitez and J. M. Macaranas, Partial purification of a carrageenase from the tropical sea urchin Diadema setosum, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 9 (1979) 353-359. 

I toxins. Among the echinodermata, the stalked grasping organ (pedicellaria) of isolated species of sea urchins and st sh may also serve as a poison weapon. The sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus is much feared in East Asian waters. Other species of sea urchins also possess poisonous spines (e.g., Diadema setosum). The chemical composition of the venoms is mostly unknown. The cuvierian organs extruded from the cloaca of sea cucumbers when disturbed from sticky fibers in water may also secrete a venom, e.g., the holothurins see also echinoderm saponins. 

A new monomethylated ganglioside, DSG-A, was isolated from the sea urchin Diadema setosum, along with four already known nonmethylated gangliosides. All of these have the structure Sial-Glc-Cer and only differ by the add moiety of the ceramides (see Figure 26.21) (Yamada et al., 2008). 

Yamada, K., Tanabe, K., Miyamoto, T Kusumoto, T., Inagaki, M., and Higuchi, R. (2008) Isolation and structure of a monomethylated ganglioside possessing neuritogenic activity from the ovary of the sea urchin Diadema setosum. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 56, 734-737. 

Yoshino, K.-l., Kurita, M., Yamaguchi, M., Nomura, K., Takao, T, Shimonishi, Y, and Suzuki, N. (1990a) A species-specific sperm-activating peptide from the egg jelly of tire sea urchin Diadema setosum. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 95B, 423-429. 

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