Diabetes sulfonylurea

Until 1995, only two options for pharmacologic treatment were available for patients with diabetes sulfonylureas (for type 2 DM only) and insulin (for type 1 or 2). After 1995, a number of new oral agents and insulins have been introduced in the United States. 

Three classes of oral therapeutic agent are available for treating patients with diabetes mellitiis (NIDDM) the arylsulfonylureas (known simply as sulfonylureas), biguanides, and a-glycosidase inhibitors. Since 1977, only the sulfonylureas have been approved for use in the United States, although the other classes are used elsewhere. 

BENZENESULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVES As has been discussed previously, substituted -alkylbenzene-sulfonylureas often possess the property of releasing bound insulin, thus sparing the requirement for insulin injections in adult-onset diabetes. A pyrimidine moiety, interestingly, can serve as a surrogate for the urea function. 

Meglitinide contains a benzamide group. Meglitinide-related compounds such as nateglinide are non-sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drugs used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. 

Type 2 diabetes combination therapy with a sulfonylurea to enhance glycemic control... 

Type 2 diabetes with sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin to improve glycemic control Type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin to improve glycemic control... 

Linear descendants of the antimicrobial sulfonamides, the orally active sulfonylureas continue to be of interest as alternatives to insulin injections in patients with adult-onset diabetes. Tolpyrramide (153) is synthesized from unsymmetrical O-methylurea... 

Various substituted sulfonylurea derivatives, partly in use as diabetes drugs, have been coordinated to Cd and Hg. Besides the IR and [H NMR spectra of several species, the structures of one each of the Cd and Hg compounds have been solved.155 In the Cd complex three ligands act as... 

Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) Sulfonylurea (tolbutamide) Decreased tolbutamide-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy subjects with sequence variants in the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor gene (94) Susceptibility to type II diabetes (95)... 

Medications associated with weight gain include insulin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones for diabetes, some antidepressants, antipsychotics, and several anticonvulsants. 

Cvetkovic RS, Plosker GL. (2007) Exenatide A review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea). Drugs 67 935-954. 

This drug is also a derivative of first generation of sulfonylurea, and it possesses stimulatory action on 8-cells in pancreas, as well as the same range of action as all other drugs of the group of examined compounds. Tolazamide is used for non-insulin-dependeut diabetes mellitus without expressed microvascular complications. Synonyms of this drug are uor-glycin, tolanase, and others. 

Type 2 diabetes mellitus For type 2 diabetes, as an adjunct treatment in patients who use mealtime insulin therapy and who have failed to achieve desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy, with or without a concurrent sulfonylurea agent and/or metformin. 

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