Detection of chemical, biological and nuclear CBN agents

The early detection of biological threats plays a significant role in decreasing the number of casualties. This puts tremendous pressure on the defense research communities to come up with rapid and sensitive assays for the identification of biological threat agents. 

Higgins et al. (1999) developed a system for the detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxinB (SEB), ricin toxin. Yersinia pestisYl antigen and 5ac/7/MX anthracis PA antigen based on the principle of electrochemiluminescence (ECL). ECL is a process that involves the generation of light from a voltage-dependent, cyclic oxidation-reduction reaction of rathenium heavy metal chelate. The redox 

The detection of SNMs that are intended for use in terrorist activities is often a tricky issue. It is very difficult to detect the SNMs in high volumes of traffic, which is often the case with airports, sea ports and public highways. A few portable instmments have been used for this purpose.  

PRDs are small but sensitive devices. The assembly consists of an inorganic scintillator that converts high-energy photons to visible fight. It is eonpled to a 

Not very advanced compared with PRDs, hand-held survey meters can be used to detect the location of the radioactive material. These meters could be engineered to possess interchangeable probes consisting of scintillation detectors and phototubes, and large-volume ionization chambers or neutron detectors.  

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