Lignin desulfonated

Most of our later work was done using this cheapest desulfonated lignin. We did find that a desugared, spray-dried spent liquor worked better than spent-liquor solids dried by merely heating in an oven. The spray-dried product was used for occasional experiments. 

Several hydrogenations were made using our best previously determined conditions to see if the cheaper, one-step desulfonated lignin was as good as the more expensive, two-step material. The results were nearly comparable. Thus, we succeeded in materially lowering the lignin costs. 

When one-step desulfonated lignin and low pressure were used with a paste oil of 13% phenol and 87% lignin tar, the meta-para ratio was only 12 88. 

Since the cost study of the process using a two-stage desulfonated, de-ashed lignin showed that this lignin was too expensive, we decided to use a less costly lignin starting material. We decided to use either a concentrated, desugared sulfite-spent liquor or the dried solids from such a liquor. 

Material is nearly completely desulfonated Material is demethoxylated and the propyl group is split off. Polymer is branched. Sulfur lignin can be made conducting by compounding and by doping Paramagnetic structures and radicals are found... 

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