Desulfobacterium

Pure cultures growing anaerobically with catechol and sulfate were isolated,and the carboxylation of catechol was proposed to be the initial reaction of anaerobic catechol degradation by Desulfobacterium sp. strain Cat2. Zhang and Young" proposed that the initial key reaction for anaerobic degradation of naphthalene and phenanthrene was also carboxylation. 

BakF, F Widdel (1986) Anaerobic degradatiion of indolic compounds by sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, and description of Desulfobacterium indolicum gen. nov., sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 146 170-176. 

Szewzyk R, N Pfennig (1987) Complete oxidation of catechol by the strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterium catecholicum sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 147 163-168. 

Heijthuij sen JHFG, TA Hansen (1989a) Anaerobic degradation of betaine by marine Desulfobacterium strains. 

Janssen PH, B Schink (1995a) Metabolic pathways and energetics of the acetone-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobacterium cetonicum. Arch Microbiol 163 188-194. 

Janssen PH, B Schink (1995b) Pathway of butyrate catabolism by Desulfobacterium cetonicum. J Bacterial 111 3870-3872. 

Gorny N, B Schink (1994b) Anaerobic degradation of catechol by Desulfobacterium sp strain cat2 proceeds via carboxylation to protocatechuate. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 3396-3400. 

Schnell S, B Schink (1991) Anaerobic aniline degradation via reductive deamination of 4-aminobenzoyl-CoA in Desulfobacterium anilini. Arch Microbiol 155 183-190. 

Schnell S, F Bak, N Pfennig (1989) Anaerobic degradation of aniline and dihydroxybenzenes by newly isolated sulfate-reducing bacteria and description of Desulfobacterium anilini. Arch Microbiol 152 556-563. 

This has been observed in strain BIS-6 that was a versatile methylotroph (Visscher and Taylor 1994) and in strains of Desulfobacterium sp. (van der Maarel et al. 1996b). Exceptionally, both elimination to dimethylsulfide and de-S-methylation to methanethiol have been observed in the roseobacters Silicibacter pomeroyi and Roseovarius nubinhibens. Whereas... 

The microbial pathways observed for the degradation of indole differ significantly between microorganisms. Four pathways have been reported for indole degradation. In the first pathway, the degradation of indole by Desulfobacterium indolicum was reported [339,340] to occur via isatin and anthranilate (Fig. 25). 

Figure 25. Early steps of anaerobic degradation of indole by Desulfobacterium indolicum and hypothetical metabolic steps of indole degradation by a denitrifying microbial community.

Under anaerobic conditions [326], pyridine could be degraded by Azoarcus evansil strain pF6. The complete degradation of indole was observed on Desulfobacterium indolicum that also transformed quinoline and related compounds. 

Johansen, S. S. Licht, D., and Arvin, E., Metabolic Pathways of Quinoline, Indole and Their Methylated Analogs by Desulfobacterium Indolicum (DSM 3383). Appl Microbiol Biot, 1997. 47(3) pp. 292-300. 

Egli, C., R. Scholtz, A. M. Cook, and T. Leisinger, Anaerobic dechlorination of tetrachloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane to degradable products by pure cultures of Desulfobacterium sp. and Methanobacterium sp. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 43, 257-261 (1987). 

Muller, J. A., A. S. Galushko, A. Kappler, and B. Schink, Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol by Desulfobacterium cetonicum is initiated by formation of 3-hydroxybenzylsuccinate , Arch. Microbiol., 172, 287-294 (1999). 

Bak F. and Widdel F. (1986) Anaerobic degradation of phenol and phenol derivatives by Desulfobacterium phenolicum sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 146, 177-180. 

Kuever J., Konneke M., Galushko A., and Drzyzga O. (2001) Reclassification of Desulfobacterium phenolicum as Desul-fobacula phenolica comb. nov. and description of strain Sax (T) as Desulfotignum balticum gen. nov., sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51, 171-177. 

Betaine is demethylated to dimethylglycine by Eubacterium limo-sum (Muller et al. 1981) and by strains of Desulfobacterium sp. (Heijthuijsen and Hansen 1989a). 

Carboxylation of phenols has been demonstrated under a number of conditions and this reaction is presumably analogous to that demonstrated in pure cultures of Desulfobacterium anilini during metabolism of aniline and in denitrifying bacteria during metabolism of phenol (Section 6.7.3.1). The following examples are used to illustrate some important details of these... 

---