Destination Characteristics

Many of the concepts already discussed in this volume re-appear in Figure 4.7 as contributors to the destination choice process. In particular, the destination images are seen as the result of the destination characteristics, how they are presented and how they are integrated with the social psychological factors such as motives and interests. 

Nonlinear costs could arise when the production cost function exhibits economies of scale and is concave. Another example of nonlinear flow costs is in the area of transportation and distribution planning. Models for analyzing the traffic congestion on a road network usually have arc travel costs that are convex functions of the arc flow in order to represent congestion effects on the network. These models also generally have multiple commodities to represent the various origin-destination characteristics of the network users. 

The torsional resonant response of a system is an interaction of all the components in the train. Calculation of torsional natural frequencies is based on the entire system and these frequencies are valid only for that given arrangement. If any component of the train is replaced by an item with torsional characteristics different from the original, the system tor sional response must be recalculated and new torsional natural frequencies determined. Occasionally, an original equipment manufacturer is requested to calculate the torsional and lateral critical speeds of the supplied item. Unfortunately, the purchaser is unaware that this request is of limited value since the torsional response of a single item in a train is meaningless. Likewise, a torsional shop test will yield meaningless results if the train is not assembled and tested with every item destined for the field. 

Pesticide-containing materials may be classified as wastes subject to RCRA if they have served their intended use and are sometimes discarded, irrespective of whether they are being disposed of or are destined for recycling. A waste is a "hazardous waste" if it exhibits any of the characteristics of a hazardous waste, or is listed in sections 261.31,. 32, or. 33. 

Currently, there is much variability in the United States in establishing treatment standards for PAHs in soil and groundwater. For example, Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) govern the placement of materials destined for any land disposal including landfill, surface impoundments, waste pits, injection wells, land treatment facilities, salt domes, underground mines or caves, and vaults or bunkers. Accordingly, treatment standards for all listed and characteristic hazardous wastes destined for land disposal have been defined (U.S. EPA, 1991) These values thus represent one potential set of treatment standards for PAHs. However, for PAHs,... 

The vast majority of hybridomas generated in laboratories are destined to be discarded because they will not have the desired qualities of antibody specificity, growth characteristics, or cloning ability required. In most cases, it is more practical to derive a new cell line rather than try to continue with one that is less than ideal. It is very important to have in mind the qualities of the cell line that are required along with the characteristics of the antibody that are needed before embarking on hybridoma production. 

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