Design strategies solvents

There are many good reasons for using multiphasic methods to carry out reactions that employ homogeneous catalysts. In general, the catalyst is immobilized in one phase and the reactants and products are supported in other phases. Ideally, once the reaction is complete the products can be removed without contamination by the catalyst and the catalyst phase is ready for immediate reuse. However, a perfect system is extremely difficult to obtain in practice, although many solvent combinations and catalyst design strategies have been developed which come close to the ideal situation. 

The principles and procedures described are applicable to testing chemicals used both inside and outside the home, such as solvents, pesticides, industrial compounds, food additives, and environmental pollutants. The important aspect is the development of design strategies to address properly whatever problems are at issue. The potential routes of human exposure and intoxication, as well as the anticipated magnitude of exposure, must be accurately determined or closely approximated before a design strategy is selected. 

Separation processes (both liquid-liquid and gas-liquid) are a key element in many industrial processes. For this application, solvent molecules are built from UNIFAC submolecular groups, and the relevant properties of the new molecules such as distribution coefficients and selectivities are estimated. Strategies for the design of solvents for separation processes were initially formulated and later extended to better model the processes of solvent synthesis, solvent evaluation, and solvent screening. A method for solvent design for liquid-liquid extraction has been developed. 

Molecular control over EHS as well as performance properties were attained through a design strategy that started with the creation of a chemical library composed of 239 potential solvent candidates. Relevant platform molecnles were selected in order to fulfil a diversity of design criteria inclnding a high renewable atom index, moderate to low vapour pressure and a cost-effective synthetic accessibility (see Table 10.4). 

While many structure design strategies have been developed, none of which can guarantee that there is only one possible self-assembly result with a given set of reactants. Note that solvent and counter ions always participate in the reaction... 

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