Design and Control Spaces

To sum up, special attention should be given to the effect of temperature on the process during the design and control of commercial catalytic reactors. Moreover, the same size of catalyst particles should be used at any scale so that the catalyst effectiveness factor also remains the same. The available catalytic surface per reactor volume and the space velocity (when the rate is not controlled by mass transfer phenomena) should also be left unchanged at any scale. 

The use of an operational space fomulation for the dynamic equations of motion in the analysis, design, and control of robot manipulators has been studied quite extensively by Khatib [17,18,19]. Naturally, the matrix A is a significant... 

O. Khatib. Op ational Space Formulation in the Analysis, Design, and Control of Manipulators. In Preprints 3rd Int. Symp. Robotics Research, pages 103-110,1985. 

It is worth mentioning the link between our environment-related index and commonly used approaches such as life cycle assessment. According to our scope of research (see explanatory caveat in section 1.4) we limit our contribution to the design and operational space in the process life span. Thus, our focus is exclusively on the sustainability aspects that are under the control of the design and operational phases. In this regard, we aim at an operational efficiency, which means basically an effective utilization of resources in the process operation. Similar to life cycle assessment, we quantify the... 

The solid-state characterization of novel pharmaceutical compounds remains an important issue. Solid-state NMR is one of the techniques of choice to gain information when other techniques are not available. Knowledge of the molecular structure in the solid state can lead to better design and control the behaviour of the drug as it affects important properties such as solubility in aqueous medium. Many different NMR experiments can be performed to obtain either structural or dynamic information on very broad space and time ranges, respectively. Contrary to others techniques, not only crystalline material but also amorphous materials can be studied by SSNMR. These and other... 

Limited Data First, plant data are limited. Unfortunately, those easiest to obtain are not necessarily the most useful. In many cases, the measurements that are absolutely required for accurate model development are unavailable. For those that are available, the sensitivity of the parameter estimate, model evaluation, and/or subsequent conclusion to a particiilar measurement may be very low. Design or control engineers seldom look at model development as the primaiy reason for placing sensors. Further, because equipment is frequently not operated in the intended region, the sensitive locations in space and time have shifted. Finally, because the cost-effectiveness of measurements can be difficult to justify, many plants are underinstru-mented. 

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