Description of Study Area

Nesbitt, H.J., Watson, J.R. (1980a) Degradation of the herbicide 2,4-D in river water-I. Description of study area and survey of rate determining factors. Water Res. 14, 1683-1688. 

After the focus for quality improvement has been chosen, it is important to make sure that it is clear to each team member. This can be accomplished by providing a detailed description of the area chosen for study, the setting in which the focus occurs, the portion of the medication use process affected, and baseline data, if applicable. 

Provide a detailed description of the area chosen for study. Area or... 

The definition above is a particularly restrictive description of a nanocrystal, and necessarily limits die focus of diis brief review to studies of nanocrystals which are of relevance to chemical physics. Many nanoparticles, particularly oxides, prepared dirough die sol-gel niediod are not included in diis discussion as dieir internal stmcture is amorjihous and hydrated. Neverdieless, diey are important nanoniaterials several textbooks deal widi dieir syndiesis and properties [4, 5]. The material science community has also contributed to die general area of nanocrystals however, for most of dieir applications it is not necessary to prepare fully isolated nanocrystals widi well defined surface chemistry. A good discussion of die goals and progress can be found in references [6, 7, 8 and 9]. Finally, diere is a rich history in gas-phase chemical physics of die study of clusters and size-dependent evaluations of dieir behaviour. This topic is not addressed here, but covered instead in chapter C1.1, Clusters and nanoscale stmctures, in diis same volume. 

This review has covered many of the essential features of the physical chemistry of nanocrystals. Rather than provide a detailed description of the latest and most detailed results concerning this broad class of materials, we have instead outlined the fundamental concepts which serve as departure points for the most recent research. This necessarily limited us to a discussion of topics that have a long history in the community, leaving out some of the new and emerging areas, most notably nonlinear optical studies [152] and magnetic nanocrystals [227]. Also, the... 

The area of racemic switches where a single enantiomer is developed subsequently to a corresponding racemate which is already on the market has attracted much interest [7, 8]. A description of the preclinical and clinical development of dexketoprofen provides a detailed example of one of these racemic switches [21]. The regulations in Europe and the US both allow for the development of a single enantiomer from a racemate by the use of bridging studies between the old and new applications. One problem to be considered is how a company which was not responsible for the original development can provide equivalent data. 

The adsorption of Intact molecules Is encountered In many areas of electrochemistry. A complete description of the adsorbed state In terms of the orientation of the molecule, the way In which It bonds to the surface, the perturbation of the molecular structure caused by this additional bonding and the Interaction between adjacent molecules Is the ultimate goal of spectroscopic techniques. As more systems are studied by the EMIRS and SNIFTIRS methods, ways are being found to assess more of this Information. 

In particular, reactions involving transition-metals have attracted a lot of interest recently because of the connection to catalytic and enzymatic processes. Unfortunately, the proper computational description of such reactions is one of the great challenges of today s theoretical chemistry and the question for the general applicability of density functional methods in the field is an area of active research. We chose to provide a single but - as we think - representative example to illustrate the difficulties one has to face in theoretical studies of transition-metal reactivity. 

---