Derivatives of Homoisopentenyl Pyrophosphate

In the juvenile hormones I and II propionate is incorporated in contrast to the juvenile hormone III. It is, therefore, expected that with propionyl Co A (D 4) as the starter molecule, homoisopentenyl pyrophosphate is built in a pathway similar to that of isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis (Fig. 142). The different juvenile hormones may derive from homoisopentenyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the relations shown in Table 40. 

Riddiford, L. M., Truman, J. W. Biochemistry of insect hormones and insect growth regulators. In Biochemistry of Insects (M. Rockstein, ed.), pp. 307-357. Academic Press, New York 1978 

Romanuk, M., Sorm, F. Insect Hormones and Bioanalogues. Springer, Wien 1974 

Dehydroquinic acid, shikimic acid, and chorismic acid are carboxylated compounds containing a six-membered carbocyclic ring with one or two double bonds (Fig. 143). The secondary products derived from these substances either still contain the ring and the C -side chain of the acids (see the structure of the benzoic acid derivatives, of anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic esters, D 8, D 8.2, D 8.4 and D 8.4.1) or have additional rings (see the formulae of naphthoquinones and anthraquinones, D 8.1, of quinoline, acridine, and benzodiazepine alkaloids, D 8.3.2). The carbon skeletons may be substituted by isoprenoid side chains (see the structure of ubiquinones, D 8.3) and may carry different functional groups, e.g., hydroxy, carboxy, methoxy, and amino groups. 

Dehydroquinic, shikimic, and chorismic acids as well as the secondary products derived from these compounds are built in microorganisms and plants. 

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