Depth-periodic structures

To obtain the periodic structure of grooved Si we used chemical anisotropic etching of (110) Si wafer [6]. The narrow grooves, oriented precisely along the <111> crystallographic direction [7], formed an artificial lattice with periods a = 4, 5 and 6 pm for three samples under investigation (see Table). Si vertical ribs with thickness dsi of 1 frni are altered with air space of air thick. The depth of the... 

This introduction has merely pointed ont the presence and treatment of surface waves that may exist below resonance for finite periodic structures. An in-depth investigation will be given in Chapter 4 where we will rely entirely on rigorously calculated examples. 

Comparing the evolution of the structure depth (defined as the vertical size of the periodic structures. Fig. 7(b)) and the depth of the molten pool at the interference maxima (Fig. 7(a)) with the laser fiuence, the following observations can be made. Firstly, both experimental results and thermal simulations indicate that SS samples are molten at lower laser fluences than aluminum and copper in that order (see insert in Fig. 7(a)). This result can be explained due to the high absorptance and the low thermal diffusivity of SS at the utilized wavelength (355 nm). Secondly, aluminum and copper start to melt practically at the same laser fiuence, which confirms that... 

The number of publications concerning utilization of the EISA process for fabrication of different structured materials is counted in the hundreds, which is far beyond the possibilities of this chapter to review in depth. Rather, we intend to provide a brief introduction into EISA and its application to the fabrication of functional thin films for electronic applications (e.g., electro-chromic layers and solar cells), with a special focus on fabrication of crystalline mesoporous films of metal oxides. Attention will also be given to techniques used to evaluate the pore structure of the thin films. For the other aspects of the EISA process, for example its mechanism,4 strategies for preparation of crystalline porous metal oxides,5 mesoporous nanohybrid materials,6 periodic organic silica materials,7,8 or postgrafting functionalization of mesoporous framework,9 we kindly recommend the reader to refer to the referenced comprehensive reviews. 

The ongoing research into the structure and mechanism of flavoenzymes has been the subject of several recent excellent reviews The proceedings of six symposia held at intervals over the past 16 years provide an overall perspective on the progress of flavoenzyme research over this time period. The intent of this article will be to focus directly on the chemical and physical properties of the semiquinone form of flavin coenzymes to the extent that current knowledge permits, from the point of view of both model system studies and from existing knowledge of their properties in flavoenzyme systems. For an in-depth treatment of flavin and flavoenzyme redox properties in which the oxidized and hydroquinone forme as well as the semiquinone form are discussed as related to their biological function, the reader is refered to the article by F. Muller in this volume. 

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