Depression, treatment

Goldapple, Kimberly, Zindel Segal, Carol Garson, Mark Lau, Peter Bieling, Sidney Kennedy and Helen Mayberg, Modulation of Cortical-Limbic Pathways in Major Depression Treatment-Specific Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy , Archives of General Psychiatry 61, no. 1 (2004) 34-41... 

Toxic effects include decreased cardiac output, coma, seizures, vomiting, and respiratory depression. Treatment is nonspecific supportive care. 

Calabrese JR, Kasper S, Johnson G, et al. International consensus group on bipolar I depression treatment guidelines. J Clin Psychiatry 2004 65(4) 569-579. 

Thase ME, Salloum IM, Cornelius JD. Comorbid alcoholism and depression treatment issues. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 62(Supplement 20) 32-41. 

The optimal duration of treatment is not firmly established. In isolated or primary care cases of depression treatment may not need to last any more than 3-6 months but in more severe or recurrent illnesses it may need to last longer if not indefinitely. 

SELECTION OF MEDICATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE ANTI DEPRESSANT TREATMENT... 

HeningerGR, Charney DS, Sternberg DE. Lithium carbonate augmentation of anti-depressant treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983 40 1335-1342. 

Although there are many potential methodological confounds, a crucial indicator of how TMS might be positioned in a depression treatment algorithm is its true efficacy as well as relative efficacy in comparison with ECT. In this context, preliminary reports suggest that TMS may be comparable to ECT for at least certain subgroups of depressed patients. 

Rush and colleagues (217) have published the results of a multicenter trial using VNS for treatment resistant depression. In this group of 67 nonpsychotic, depressed, treatment-resistant patients, a 10-week open trial of VNS produced a 40% to 50% reduction in baseline HDRS, CGI, and Montgomery-Ashberg Depression Rating Scale scores. Further studies are now underway. 

Rossiter EM, Agras WS, Losch M. Changes in self-reported food intake in bulimics as a consequence of anti-depressant treatment. Int J Eat Disord 1988 7 779-783. 

The usual initial dose of naloxone is 0.1-0.4 mg intravenously for life-threatening respiratory and CNS depression. Treatment is with the same drug, 0.4-0.8 mg given intravenously, and repeated whenever necessary. In using naloxone in the severely opioid-depressed newborn, it is important to start with doses of 5-10 pg/kg and to consider a second dose of up to a total of 25 pg/kg if no response is noted. 

History events and time periods such as World War II, the Great Depression, treatment of Native Americans, and America s break from British rule. Historical events may be written about from many perspectives, and can be used to make points about a variety of subjects. The Depression, for example, was an economic event that had many factors, including human emotion (fear). 

March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., et al. (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) team. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292, 807-820. 

Precursor of 5HT (Serotonin) unlike 5HT can cross blood-brain barrier [for depression, treatment of aggression]... 

Lithium ion (Li+) Environmental GSK3P [normal GSK Ser phosphorylation inhibition by insulin-activated PKB bipolar mood disorder manic depression treatment]... 

The natural course of bipolar disorder is episodic and highly recurrent. Initially, it can present with one or more episodes of depression before the first frankly hypomanic or manic episode occurs. In many cases, manic and hypomanic episodes may precede or follow a depressive episode. Episodes usually last several months and may resolve spontaneously, without treatment. Recurrences every 2 years or so are not uncommon, and over time the frequency and intensity of episodes may actually worsen. In general, there is great variability in its course from patient to patient. A graphic rendition of the median life course of affective illness (based on the life course of 82 patients), including episodes of mania and depression, treatments, and hospitalizations, is illustrated in Figure 3.3. 

For second and subsequent episodes ot depression, treatment may need to be indetinite... 

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