Deposition zone temperature variation

The run-to-run deposition zone temperature (350-425 °C) was the first parameter varied. Temperature variation affected film stoichiometry [Fig. 6.25(a)] and crystalline orientation [Fig. 6.25(b)], while not significantly affecting the deposition rate [Fig. 6.25(c)], From Fig. 6.25(a), we can see that the films were closest to stoichiometry when deposited at 395 °C. Cu-to-In ratios ranged from... 

Variation of the deposition zone temperature affected the film stoichiometry and crystalline structure while not significantly affecting the deposition rate. A deposition zone temperature was optimized at 395 °C to produce (112)-oriented films without any detectable secondary phases. The susceptor location within the furnace did not affect the stoichiometry of deposited films, but it did alter morphology. Moving the susceptor toward the evaporation zone... 

Marutani and Takenouchi (1978) clarified the variations in homogenization temperature and salinity of inclusion fluids in quartz from stockwork siliceous orebodies at the Kosaka mine (Fig. 1.35 Urabe, 1978). They showed that the temperature decreases stratigraphically upwards from stockwork ore zone (280-320°C) to bedded ore zone (260-310°C). Pisutha-Arnond and Ohmoto (1983) carried out fluid inclusion studies of the stockwork siliceous ores from five Kuroko deposits (Kosaka, Fukazawa, Furutobe, Shakanai, and Matsumine) and revealed that black ore minerals (sphalerite, galena, barite) and yellow ore minerals (chalcopyrite, quartz) formed at 200-330°C and 330 50°C, respectively, and salinities of the ore fluids remained fairly constant at about 3.5-6 equivalent wt% NaCl. They analyzed fluids extracted from sulfides and quartz Na = 0.60 0.16 (mol/kg H2O), K = 0.08 0.05, Ca = 0.06 0.05, Mg = 0.013 0.008, Cl = 0.82 0.32, C (as CO2) = 0.20 0.15 and less than 6 ppm each for Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe. 

Consequently, the composition of chlorite in the discharge zone depends largely on the chemical nature of fluids (factors such as Fe "/Mg, SO /H2S, pH, aj 2+) and temperature. Movement of fluids may also be an important cause for the variability in the ratio of Fe " to Mg in hydrothermal chlorite. Wide compositional variations in chlorite from the hydrothermal ore deposits in Japan, including Kuroko and Neogene Cu-Pb-Zn vein-type deposits, are considered to reflect the variable chemical nature of ascending ore fluids and fluids that mix with ascending ore fluids at discharge zone. 

Figure 15.5 Variation of grain size of deposits as a function of the vaporization temperature of Cp2V. Substrate temperature = 973 K. S, T, and D denote Sublimation, Transition domain, and Decomposition zones, respectively.

Because of their widespread distribution (from the tropics to high latitudes, from the coastal zone to the deep ocean), incremental shell deposition (enabling samphng at sub-annual resolution Fig. 11) and good preservation, marine molluscs are potentially important archives of environmental information. In contrast to corals, they appear to precipitate their shell close to isotopic equilibrium with seawater and so mollusc 8 0 can provide information about past variations in water temperature and water 8 0 (e.g. Elliot et al. 2003). 

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