Deposition long-range atmospheric transport

Evidence of Long-Range Atmospheric Transport and Deposition... 

For the evaluation of long-range atmospheric transport and deposition of POPs, a multi-compartment transport model EMEP/MSCE-POP is used (Mantseva et al 2004). It includes such media as the atmosphere, soil, seawater and vegetation (Figure 1). A multi-compartment approach is conditioned by the ability of POPs to be accumulated in soil, seawater and vegetation with subsequent re-emission. Apart from atmospheric transport the model also takes into account the transport of pollutants by sea currents. 

Atmospheric transport of toxaphene from the southern USA continues [38, 45]. MacLeod et al. [19] attributed 70% of the atmospheric inputs to the Great Lakes to long-range atmospheric transport and deposition from the southern US and northern Mexico. The dynamic mass balance model [65] indicates that the net exchange direction of toxaphene in Lake Superior was... 

Heavy metals are non-degradable compounds and therefore they have the tendency to be accumulated in the biosphere. This is obvious, especially in north and central Europe where on a regional scale the contamination problems of some environmental compartments (forest humus, lakes and arable fields) arise from metal depositions as a consequence of long range atmospheric transport. 

Reimann C, DeCaritat P, Halleraker JH et al (1997) Regional atmospheric deposition patterns of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Hg, Mo, Sb and T1 in a 188,000 km area in the European arctic as displayed by terrestrial moss samples—long-range atmospheric transport vs local impact. Atmos Environ 31 3887-3901... 

The emissions (abated or unabated) that are calculated by the ENEM submodel must be transformed into concentration and deposition fields over Europe, as depicted by the middle box of Figure 1. On a case-by-case basis, it would be possible to do this by running a full-blown long range atmospheric transport and deposition model. However, these models are time-consuming and costly to run and, because RAINS is meant for practical use with a rapid turn-around time, it was decided instead to store pre-processed source-receptor relations as follows the deposition Dj at a receptor point j is expressed as... 

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