Depopulation total

Eq. (11.25) is in some ways the minimally useful cross section, from one n( state to another n t state. If we are interested in the total depopulation of the n( state we must sum over the possible n t final states. The summation over n t includes, implicitly, an integration over the continuum, although including the continuum is usually unnecessary. In the continuum F(n(m, n t m, Q) 2n 3 is replaced by d F(n m,W tm, Q) 2/dW, where... 

Kellert et al.M both measured the total depopulation rates of the initially populated Xe ni states and analyzed the final bound states resulting from these collisions. The total depopulation rates of the Xe ni states were measured by... 

Fig. 11.15 Principal quantum number dependence of the experimental rate constants for the total depopulation of the Xe nf states by NH3 ( ) and for collisional ionization (O). Also shown is the calculated ionization rate constants of Rundel (R) (ref. 69), Latimer (L) (ref. 10), and Matsuzawa (M) (ref. 70) (from ref. 64).

The inelastic cross section is simply the total depopulation cross section to all other states, i.e. 

We have examined the nature of LIFS in some detail. The response of an atomic or molecular system is described in terms of appropriate rate (or balance) equations whose individual terms represent the rate at which individual quantum states are populated and depopulated by radiative and collisional processes. Given the response of a system to laser excitation, one may use the rate equations to recover information about total number density, temperature and collision parameters. 

At low excitation energies, the Si - A->Ti process appears to be almost totally dominant. Archer et al. (9,10) found that at 313 nm, 80% of the Si states depopulate by this process, which is in good agreement with Parmenter and Noyes (184) and with Calvert and Layne (45), who found a yield of 0.81 for this process. 

Since the emission quantum yield accounts for no more than 1.8% of the total depopulation pathways of Sp, the value of tF is mainly dictated by the nonradiative rate constant. By using the f values of Gandini and Kutschke (88), obtained at 265 and... 

The Ji-interaction in the total density difference has, in the past, been interpreted as evidence of backdonation into the CO 2n from the Ni 3d orbitals [36]. However, investigation of the relationship between charge transfer to and polarization within the adsorbed CO unit in forming the allylic configuration reveals that, if we use the gas phase molecular orbitals to decompose the wave function, the 2n becomes populated by 22% while the In is depopulated by 12%. The net effect is the observed 10% increase of the CO Ji-population for chemisorbed CO, which however, as seen in the rightmost panel in Fig. 12.8, participates in the formation of a partial it-bond between the carbon and nickel as well as the population of the... 

With a temperature drift this state becomes depopulated in favour of the Ms = 1/2 state which is less magnetically productive. Consequently the total susceptibility is reduced so that a maximum on the (xaVT) versus T curve can appear. 

The relative intensity of fluorescence peak is controlled by the Frank-Condon principle, but also the total fluorescence peak intensity (I) is related to the fluorescence quantum yield (Of)/ which defined as the ratio of number of photons emitted to number of photons absorbed. Furthermore, the fluorescence quantum yield (Of) can be expressed as the rate of photons emitted divided by the total rate of depopulation of the excited state (Equation 1) (Rendell, 1987 Lakowicz, 2006). 

Since the transition from an unionized flame to an ionized flame is kinetically limited, it is not valid to apply the Boltzmann distribution to the species undergoing ionization, except in the limiting state of equilibrium ionization. Under such limiting conditions, a given level will be populated and depopulated in relation to any other given level at equal rates, according to the principle of microscopic reversibility. If one of the processes of population is restricted by any means the total population will be altered, since the depopulation process is unaffected it will be reduced by the ratio ... 

First of all, the lifetime of the unquenched charge transfer state is roughly 2.5 ns, which corresponds to a depopulation rate of the charge transfer state of about 4 X 10 s . Second, the depopulation is strongly accelerated by the application of an electric field, increasing the total rate to above 1 x 10 s at an electric field of... 

Here denotes the difference between the frequency of the optical field and the resonance frequency of the Si So transition and the difference between the frequency of the microwave field and the resonance frequency of the A >- Z> transition. Ti2 and Txz are the dephasing rates of the optical and the microwave transitions, Ic2 is the total decay rate of Si. k x, k y, k z are the depopulating rates of the sublevels of Ti and kx2, ky2, k 2 their populating rates. 

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