Deoxyribonucleic acid, polar

Dispersion forces are present in all systems, polar or nonpolar, electrically charged or neutral, dominate the biochemical processes of forming alpha-helices, and bind the A, T, G, and C parts of the two strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 

LFnder the influence of a static electric field liquid crystalline solutions of PBLG become uniaxially oriented and show both linear and circular birefringence and linear and circular dichroism. Accordingly, the measured CD shows a dependence of the microscopic angle, a, that the fast optical axis of the oriented solution makes with respect to the plane of polarization of the polarizer in the CD instrument. When the film is reasonably thin (0.01-0.1 mm thick) or/and only partially oriented (less than 5% orientation), the apparent CD of oriented film of deoxyribonucleic acid is expressed by the equation (50) ... 

There is currently much interest in field desorption (FD) which describes the process of field ionization from the adsorbed state with desorption as an ion. Field desorption takes place at lower temperatures than are normally required for evaporation of a molecule and since there is also only a low energy transfer in the ionization process itself, molecular ions of high intensity are formed. A number of underivatised polar compounds of low volatility have been investigated without thermal decomposition these include nucleosides and nucleotides [132], pesticides [133] and glycosides [134]. The method has also been extended by combining pyrolysis with FD to distinguish the five bases and some of the nucleotide fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid [135]. 

Use of polymer phase systems for separation of biopolymers (proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] and ribonucleic acid [RNA], and polysaccharides). Reliable retention of the stationary phase for polar or low interfacial tension solvent systems (e.g., 1-butanol/water), which are useful for separation of bioactive compounds such as peptides. 

Virus, bacteria, bacterial spores, as well as toxins have been found to be degraded by MgO chlorine adducts. The bacterial outer membrane appears to be ruptured by the oxidizing action of the chlorine as well as the abrasive action of the MgO crystals. It also appears that the polar bacterial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is strongly adsorbed by the MgO. 

This volume of the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths adds five new chapters to the science of rare earths, compiled by researchers renowned in their respective fields. Volume 34 opens with an overview of ternary intermetallic systems containing rare earths, transition metals and indium (Chapter 218) followed by an assessment of up-to-date understanding of the interplay between order, magnetism and superconductivity of intermetallic compounds formed by rare earth and actinide metals (Chapter 219). Switching from metals to complex compounds of rare earths, Chapter 220 is dedicated to molecular stmctural studies using circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy of lanthanide systems, while Chapter 221 examines rare-earth metal-organic frameworks, also known as coordination polymers, which are expected to have many practical applications in the future. A review discussing remarkable catalytic activity of rare earths in site-selective hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid, or RNA (Chapter 222) completes this book. 

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