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Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA technology

Walsh (2003) defined biopharmaceuticals as therapeutic protein or nucleic acid preparations made by techniques involving recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. Therapeutic proteins include blood clotting factors and plasminogen activators, hemopoietic factors, hormones, interferons and interleukins, and monoclonal antibodies (LeVine, 2006). Over time, the term biopharmaceutical has broadened, and, in addition to proteins and nucleic acids, now includes bacteriophages, viral and bacterial vaccines, vectors for gene therapy, and cells for cell therapy (Primrose and Twyman, 2004). Attention here focuses on proteins, since the majority of approved biopharmaceuticals are proteins. [Pg.41]

The development of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology has allowed the emergence of novel applications such as drug production directly in the... [Pg.565]

Glycoproteins—a protein and a carbohydrate [e.g., mucin in saliva, mucoids in tendon and cartilage, interferron, which is a human gene product made in bacteria using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology]... [Pg.10]

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) manipulation technologies, 10 262. See also DNA shuffling... [Pg.253]

A new phytoremediation technology is being developed for treating heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Researchers at the University of Georgia have modified two bacterial genes, merA and merB, and inserted them into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of certain plants, enabling them... [Pg.870]

See also Amino acid Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DNA replication DNA synthesis DNA technology Gene mutation Gene splicing Mutagenesis. [Pg.741]

Molecular recognition is central to biosensor technology. Receptors, enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, molecular beacons, and nucleic acids are mainly used as molecular recognition elements in biosensor development (Chambers etal., 2008). Since 1990, nucleic acids, especially deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been used as biorecognition elements in biosensor technology. These biosensors are named as DNA-based biosensors. [Pg.499]

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