Demings circle

Communicate and train Secure resources Execute Check 

The idea behind the circle is to ensure continuous improvements through consecutive rotations of the circle or wheel. This concept has been widely adopted by industry. 

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The SHE action plans represent a cornerstone in the implementation of SHE policy and goals. Both Ymer s own organisations and contractors develop such plans. This is done jointly by management and the employees. Management is responsible for the allocation of the necessary resources. The actions are implemented and followed up through clear responsibilities and deadlines. Ymer s management applies the principles of the Deming circle in this work. 

This Part brings us back to the starting point, i.e. that of the design and development of a corporate SHE information system. Chapter 29 presents a model for the development and improvement of such a system. It becomes a focal point for the integration and application of the various principles and tools presented in previous Chapters on corporate SHE practice. Development work is based on the principles of the Deming circle. It is output-driven in the sense that the needs that the system serves define the starting point. Important aspects in the design of the system are reviewed in Chapter 30. Some final remarks are made in Chapter 31. 

We have to review all the different parts in parallel. The Deming circle offers a structnred development process for this work. It is also important to involve all concerned interest groups at the company in the process in order to ensure adequate ownership to and quality of the results. 

We ask three basic questions in the planning phase of the Deming circle Where are we Where do we want to go How do we get there Any plan to improve the SHE information system of a company should start by evaluating the present conditions. Such an evaluation may be carried out as an audit. Persons that do not have a vested interest in the present solutions should carry out the audit. There are a number of questions that we can ask in such an audit. The requirements for SHE information systems according to Chapter 11 give some important input. At a more general level, the following basic questions should be looked at ... 

The concept of managing the processes - maintaining them and continually improving them as well - is visualised by Deming s quality circle, also called the PDCA-cycle Plan, Do, Check, Act (see Fig. 35.1). 

Fig. 35.1 Deming s circle or PDCA-cycle for quality improvement...

The DEMES devices are slightly more complex to make than expanding circle devices, as there is the additional step of bonding a flexible frame to the DEA and then typically a cutting step to release the complete deviee. 

Fig. 6. The discharge capacity at various discharge currents for an EDLC using DEME-BF4 (square) and IM TEA-BF4 (circle) as an electrolyte (a) at 25 °C, (b) at 40 °C.

Figure 10.5 Deming s circle and the quality standards necessary to prevent fallback.

Go through the first three steps of Deming s circle (plan, do and check). 

Deming s circle defines the different steps in the planning, execution... 

To plan the work in accordance with the basic steps of Deming s circle ... 

Fig. 4. Kinetic phase diagrams of [DEME][BF4]-H20 mixtures on (a) cooling and (b) heating. Closed circles represent observed data, which are determined by simultaneous WAXS-DSC measurements. Xcc and X are defined to be a critical concentration of the cold aystallization and the formation of H2O ice crystal, respectively. Tcc is the cold aystallization temp>erature with an exothermal peak on heating. Tmi and Tml are the melting temperatures, respectively. L, C, A, I and U represent the liquid, [DEME][BF4] crystal, amorphous, H2O ice and imdefined phases. U is classified further into (1+A)-, (I+C)-and (I+A+C)-phases.

WAXS patterns at 0.6, 0.9 and 2.9 mol% H2O are shown in Fig. 12. If we assume a smaller unit cell and two different kinds of modulated structures (superstructures), the observed 26 values are almost the same as the calculated ones. The smaller orthorhombic unit cell is expressed by Oo, hd and cd Blue circles repaesent the superceU of ad hd 2co (Z=8), while red circles indicate another superceU of 2ad 6d 2co (Z=16) (Fig. 12). Unit cells and the volume per four [DEMEJpFJ imits, V4, of [DEME][BF4]-H20 are listed in Table 1. A significant finding is that V4 at 0.9 mol % is distinctly smaU. It should be noticed that the twin-related domain at 0.9 mol% H2O (//o 7) is formed with two accompanying kinds of superstructures (Z=4m m=2 and 4) and a volume contraction (smaU V4). 

Fig. 12. WAXS patterns of [DEME] [Bp4]-H20 mixtures. Crystal structures of 0.6,0.9 and 29 mol% H2O are calculated. Only the crystal structure of 0.9 mol % H2O is not calculated by unit cells of pure [DEMEJfBFJ. Blue circles indicate the ao ho 2co modulated lattice and red circles indicate the Too ho 2co modulated lattice.

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