Deltamethrin synergists

Gas ehromatography mass-mass aequisition was used for the pyrethroid determination. Pyrethroids investigated were Allethrin, Prallethrin, Tetramethrin, Bifenthrin, Phenothrin, X-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Flueythrinate, Fsfenvalerate, Fluvalinate and Deltamethrin. Piperonyl butoxide, main synergist eompound for pyrethroid eompounds, was also studied. 

Meled, M., Thrasyvoulou, A., and Belzunces, L.P. (1998). Seasonal variation in susceptibility of Apis mellifera to the synergistic action of prochloraz and deltamethrin. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 17, 2517-2520. 

Kumar, S., Thomas, A., Sahgal, A., Verma, A., Samuel, T., and Phillai, M.K.K., Effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera Culicidae), Arch. Insert Biochem. Physiol., 50,1, 2002. 

The addition of PBO as a synergist was thought to be able to provide better protection with deltamethrin but there were concerns over potentiating irritation in certain formulations. 

Pyrethroids available today include allethrin, phenothrin, tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, usually for household insects control, and cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, y-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, mainly for agricultural insects. Pyrethroids are often commercially combined with synergist compounds like piperonyl butoxide, which enhance their insecticidal activity, or mixed with fungicides such as 2-phenylphenol or other pesticides like propoxur (a carbamate pesticide). 

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