Delta-amino levulinic acid

Mauzerall D, Granick S (1995) The occurrence and determination of delta-amino-levulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine. J Biol Chem 219 435-446... 

Studies in animals suggest that chlorobenzene may also cause injury to the liver. In rats, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and delta-amino levulinic acid levels were increased as were liver protoporphyrin and uroporphyrin. Data suggest that the kidneys may be affected following exposure to chlorobenzene as polyuria was noted in rats at high dose levels. Since other chemicals may produce similar effects, these are not specific indicators of chlorobenzene exposure. 

Mocarelli et al. (1986) conducted a 6-year study on clinical laboratory parameters of children exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD following the Seveso accident. ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), GGT, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides in plasma and delta amino levulinic acid in urine were monitored yearly in exposed and control groups beginning in June, 1977, approximately 1 year after the incident. The children were 6-10 years old at the time of the accident 69, 528, and 874 resided in the A, B, and R zones, respectively. Chloracne was seen in 19, 0.7, and 4.6%, of the children in areas A, B, and R, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from 69, 83, and 221 children in areas A, B, and R,... 

The rehydration product of HMF, levulinic acid, is also regarded as a potential biomass derived organic compound [35, 39,40]. Levulinic acid could be utilized as feedstock for several large volume chemicals (Fig. 7), e.g., methyltetrahydrofuran and levulinate esters (fuel additives), delta-amino-levulinic acid (herbicide), and diphenohc acid (replacer for bisphenol A for polycarbonates). 

An example of an indirect marker of xenobiotic-in-duced renal disease is the elevated level of red cell content of either delta amino-levulinic acid dehydrase or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in patients with lead nephrotoxicity [3,4]. Direct examples of biomarkers of... 

Berlin, A. Schaller, KH. European Standardized Method for the determination of delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood. Z, Klin, Chem, Klin. Biochem. 1974 12 389-390. 

Hernberg, S. Nikkanen, J. Effect of lead on delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydrase - A selective review -. Praooc Lek 1972 24 2-3. 

Louis, E.D., L. Applegate, J.H. Graziano, M. Parides, V. Slavkovich, and H.K. Bhat. 2005. Interaction between blood lead concentration and delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphisms increases the odds of essential tremor. Mov. Disord. 20(9) 1170-1177. 

Strand, L. J., Felsher, B. F., Redeker, A. G., and Marver, H. S., 1970, Heme biosynthesis in intermittent acute porphyria Decreased hepatic conversion of porphobilinogen to porphyrins and increased delta-amino-levulinic acid synthetase activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67 1315. 

Intoxication. This indicates that the absorbed lead is having adverse metabolic effects upon a body tissue. The toxicity is proportional to the concentration of lead at the site. Defining minimal manifestations of toxicity has extended with our increasing ability to develop sensitive indices of toxicity. Inhibition of delta-amino levulinic add dehydratase with an increase in urinary amino-levulinic acid is a relatively sensitive index of toxidty in intoxication, indicating that the lead is having an adverse effect on porphyrin metabolism... 

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