Delocalization energy , definition

Dalton s atomic theory, overview, 1 De Broglie equation, 23 Delocalization energy, definition, 174 Density functional theory chemical potential, 192 computational chemistry, 189-192 density function determination, 189 exchange-correlation potential and energy relationship, 191-192 Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, 189-190 Kohn-Sham equations, 191 Weizsacker correction, 191 Determinism, concept, 4 DFT, see Density functional theory Dipole moment, molecular symmetry, 212-213... 

Homoconjugation can lead to a bond (electron) delocalization energy, which reveals an excess stability of the system when compared to suitable reference compounds. The selection of appropriate reference compounds is essential for the definition of homoconjugation. 

Cyclopropyl homoconjugation can be easily detected and described as long as one retains its topological definition. This also holds to some extent in the case of no-bond homoconjugation. However, as soon as one has to assess the chemical relevance of homoconjugation and to determine a homoconjugative bond (electron) delocalization energy, one needs, as mentioned in Section I, suitable reference compounds for comparison. 

How then, can one recover some quantity that scales with the local charge on the metal atoms if their valence electrons are inherently delocalized Beyond the asymmetric lineshape of the metal 2p3/2 peak, there is also a distinct satellite structure seen in the spectra for CoP and elemental Co. From reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), we have determined that this satellite structure originates from plasmon loss events (instead of a two-core-hole final state effect as previously thought [67,68]) in which exiting photoelectrons lose some of their energy to valence electrons of atoms near the surface of the solid [58]. The intensity of these satellite peaks (relative to the main peak) is weaker in CoP than in elemental Co. This implies that the Co atoms have fewer valence electrons in CoP than in elemental Co, that is, they are definitely cationic, notwithstanding the lack of a BE shift. For the other compounds in the MP (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) series, the satellite structure is probably too weak to be observed, but solid solutions Coi -xMxl> and CoAs i yPv do show this feature (vide infra) [60,61]. 

The definition of aromaticity conceived by Hiickel strictly applies to monocyclic ring systems, but indole, constructed from the fusion of benzene and pyrrole, behaves as an aromatic compound, like quinoline and isoquinoline. The ring fusion, however, affects the properties of both components. This is reflected in the valence bond description of indole, shown in Scheme 7.1, where one canonical representation shows electron density shared between N-1 and C-3 in the pyrrole unit (implying enamine character). Note that although other canonical forms can be drawn, where the lone-pair electrons are delocalized into the benzenoid ring, their energy content is relatively high and they are of limited importance. 

The uncertainties of these numbers ( 3 kcal) are so great that it is difficult to draw such a definite conclusion. For example, the electrostatic energy could be as large as 0 kcal and the delocalization as small as 5 kcal with the stated uncertainties. But the comments which I made in my paper about a possible cancellation of the delocalization and repulsion forces can be regarded (if we wish to do so) as evidence that the electrostatic term is physically the most dominant. 

Another aspect of delocalization, the mixing of Kekule structures and the energetic gain associated with it, will also be quantitatively investigated, and finally our results will be placed into the context of the thermochemical properties of hydrocarbons and the current definitions of resonance energy. 

We emphasize two natural limitations of the finite cluster model. It does not allow to make a statement about the dependence of essential parameters such as adsorption and transition energies on the level of surface coverage, and it does not account adequately for charge delocalization or surface relaxation phenomena. Further, it excludes by definition any information about the modification of the surface band structure as a consequence of the organic molecule adsorption. The following case study of 1-propanol on Si(001) - (2 x 1) is intended to clarify how these elements can be consistently incorporated into the description of the Si surface interaction with organic species. 

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