Delivery, drug design excretion

The frequently used acronym LADME, which stands for liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, broadly describes the various biopharmaceutical processes influencing the pharmacokinetics of a drug. Since each of aspect of LADME can influence the pharmacokinetics of a drug and ultimately the design of controlled release delivery devices, this section will review and explain the relationship between LADME processes and eight common pharmacokinetic parameters (F, K, Vd, tm, Cl, ha, tmax, Cp jnax). 

Factors analogous to those affecting gut absorption also can affect drug distribution and excretion. Any transporters or metabolizing enzymes can be taxed to capacity—which clearly would make the kinetic process nonlinear (see Linear versus Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics ). In order to have linear pharmacokinetics, all components (distribution, metabolism, filtration, active secretion, and active reabsorption) must be reasonably approximated by first-order kinetics for the valid design of controlled release delivery systems. 

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