Delay-line principle

An example of a two-port device is the surface acoustic-wave (SAW) delay line shown in Figure 6.3. Acoustic plate mode (APM) devices utilize a two-port configuration that is conceptually identical to that of the SAW for the flexural plate wave (FPW), there is typically a third connection to its ground plane (see Section 6.2.3). In principle, the ground plane connection is unnecessary, but in practice more stable operation results when this connection is made. Notice that there... 

The detector operates according to the delay-hne principle. Here a 20 pm thick anode wire and a cathode which consist out of parallel metal strips connected to a delay line are used. The charge creating event induces a signal in the cathode which propagates with a velocity of about 0.2 mm ns in both directions of the... 

A high resolution can also be obtained if two delay lines with slightly different gate delay are used, i.e. a Vernier principle is applied [146]. The principle is shown in Fig. 4.14. 

In interferometric autocorrelation the coherent superposition of the two collinear partial beams is realized. The basic principle is shown in Fig. 6.65. The incoming laser pulse is split by the beamsplitter BSl into two parts, which travel through two different pathlengths and are then collinearly superimposed at BS2. When they are focused by the lens L into a nonlinear optical crystal, the output signal (6.39) is generated at 2co. Instead of the delay line arrangement in Fig. 6.65 a Michelson interferometer in Fig. 6.70 can also be used. The second harmonics are detected by a photomultiplier, while the fundamental wavelength is rejected by a filter. 

Figure 3.42. Two pulse correlation (2PC) for H2 associative desorption induced by two nearly equal 800 nm 130 fs laser pulses as outlined in the inset to figure (b). The desorption yield is plotted as a function of delay between the two pulses, (b) Experimental results (points). The line is a fit of a ID friction model to the experiments. From Ref. [413]. (a) 2PC from 3D first principles molecular dynamics with electronic frictions. From Ref. [101].

Figure 2.20. The principle of gradient calibration, showing on the left-hand side a conventional calibration run where standards covering 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the range were injected each in triplicate, and on the right-hand side a single injection of the 100% standard, which was recorded at a high chart speed. Via a conventional calibration line (r = 1000), delay times t, t2, ts, and t4 are then identified, corresponding to known levels of originally injected standards.

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