Dehydratases glycerol dehydratase

Dial Dehydratases, Glycerol Dehydratase, and Ethanolamine Ammonia Lyase... 

In industrial processes, 1,3-propanediol is used for the production of polyester fibers, polyurethanes and cydic compounds [85]. 1,3-Propanediol can be produced from glucose with the limiting step catalyzed by glycerol dehydratase. A metagenomic survey for glycerol hydratases from the environment resulted in seven positive clones, one of which displayed a level of catalytic efficiency and stability making it ideal for application in the produdion of 1,3-propanediol from glucose. 

Glycerol dehydratase catalyzes the same type of reaction... 

The penultimate enzyme in the pathway, glycerol dehydratase (E. C. 4.2.1.30), catalyzing the dehydration of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, is a vitamin B12-dependent, cyanocobalamin-containing enzyme, which employs a radical... 

H. Kajiura, K. Mori, T. Tobimatsu, and T. Toraya, Characterization and mechanism of action of a reactivating factor for adenosylcobalamin-dependent glycerol dehydratase, J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 36514-36519. 

Schutz, H., Radler, F. (1984b). Propanediol-1,2-dehydratase and metabolism of glycerol of Lactobacillus brevis. Arch. Microbiol., 139, 366-370. 

About 10 coenzyme B -dependent enzymes are now known (reviewed in References 13,14, and 76 see Table 1) four carbon skeleton mutases (methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMCM), glutamate mutase (GM), methylene glu-tarate mutase (MGM), isobutyryl-CoA mutase (ICM) ), diol dehydratase (DD), glycerol dehydratase, ethanol-amine anunonia lyase (EAL), two amino mutases, and Bi2-dependent ribonucleotide reductase. The coenzyme Bi2-dependent enzymes are unevenly distributed in the living world, and MMCM is the only enzyme that is also indispensable in human metabolism. ... 

Recently, a glycerol dehydratase was discovered in the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium butyricum, whose active site contains a glycyl radical formed by the action of the 5 -deoxyadenosyl radical on a specific glycine residue of the protein (20). The 5 -deoxyadenosyl radical is generated not from coenzyme Bi2, but by one-electron reduction of the stmcturally much simpler molecule 5-adenosylmethionine (SAM), named poor man s B12 by Barker. Hence, this glycerol dehydratase performs the same reaction, probably with a similar pathway, to the coenzyme B 12-dependent glycerol dehydratase. 

O Brien JR, Raynaud C, Croux C, Girbal L, Soucaille P, Lanzilotta WN. Insight into the mechanism of the B12-indepen-dent glycerol dehydratase from C. butyricum preliminary and structural characterization. Biochemistry 2004 43 4635-4645. 

Norcross, R.D., Matt, P.v., Kolb, H.C., and Bellus, D., Synthesis of novel cyclobutylphosphonic acids as inhibitors of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase. Tetrahedron, 53, 10289, 1997. 

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