Degradation testing mitigation

PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation. 

Finishing. AH acetal resins contain various stabilizers introduced by the suppHer in a finishing extmsion (compounding) step. The particular stabilizers used and the exact method of their incorporation are generally not revealed. Thermal oxidative and photooxidative stabilizers have already been mentioned. These must be carefully chosen and tested so that they do not aggravate more degradation (eg, by acidolysis) than they mitigate. 

Similarly, the reductions in toxicity observed in laboratory toxicity tests where exposure is modified (either through the addition of sediment or by removal to clean water) are also apparent in the field. Field effect concentrations are generally observed to occur at concentrations around three to ten times above those based on standard laboratory data. Dissipation and degradation are therefore clearly the critical factors in mitigating effects of pyrethroids under field conditions. This provides reassurance that preliminary ecological risk assessments based on... 

Degraded in natural waters with tj/2= 2-3 days or less high removal (>95%), due to biodegradation, in activated sludge tests well degraded in screening tests if toxicity is mitigated [79]... 

Conducted and led several research activities focused on failure modes including mechanistic imderstanding, accelerated stress test development, influence of operational conditions, control strategies, failure mitigation, and predictive degradation relationships. 

The durability of fuel cells needs to be increased by about five times the current rates (e.g., at least 60,000 h for the stationary distributed generation sector) in order for fuel cells to present a long-term reliable alternative to the current power generation technologies available in the maiket. The degradation mechanisms and failure modes within the fuel cell components and the mitigation measures that could be taken to prevent failure need to be examined and tested. Contamination mechanisms in fuel cells due to air pollutants and fuel impurities need to be carefully addressed to resolve the fuel cell durability issue. 

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