Definitions monoclonal antibody

The cycloaddition to AT,A(-dimethylacrylamide could also be catalyzed by monoclonal antibodies. The cycloadducts were isolated with excellent selectivity (er 99 1) (193). Unfortunately, a definitive explanation both for the high regio- and stereochemical outcome of this reaction is lacking, and the preparative assets of this approach remain to be seen. 

Step 4 Definition of the isotype of monoclonal antibodies obtained... 

In the example, the achievement of objectives 1/2 (70% purity) and 1/3 (immunoreactive in vitro) could be used as milestones which successfully conclude the antigen preparation phase. However, the definition "immunoreactivity in vitro" seems too inexact for use as a milestone. A better and adequate specification could be for example "immunoreactive with monoclonal antibody Y", whereby antibody Y is directed against the most relevant epitope of Antigen X. 

The immunoglobulin fraction derived from the polyclonal hyperimmune serum of humans and animals has been used clinically in combating conditions such as bacterial infections and maternal immunization by Rh-positive cells from the fetus. Polyclonal sera raised against proteins have also been valuable diagnostic and research tools. However, the undefined composition of polyclonal antisera results in wide and unpredictable cross-reactivities. Furthermore, the quantities of antibody available are limited to the amount of serum an immunized animal can yield. Monoclonal antibodies described below circumvent these problems of definition and quantity associated with polyclonal sera. 

Flai is NA, Densmore TL, Molleston MC, Hickey WF (1993) Characterization of microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system of rats Definition of the differential expression of molecules using standard and novel monoclonal antibodies in normal CNS and in four models of parenchymal reaction. Glia 7 34 0. 

There is no definitive answer as to the best system to use it depends upon the nature of the cell and the product, the quantity of product, downstream processing capability, licensing regulations, etc. However, a rough guide to relative costs for producing monoclonal antibodies by perfusion, continuous-flow and batch culture is the ratio 1 2 3 5. A summary of the capacity of the various systems is given in Table 5.1.2. 

Low selectivity is another problem that is encountered in immunoaffinity chromatography. Obviously, if an antibody shows little preference for one antigen over another, no separation will be achieved. By definition, a monoclonal antibody recognizes — and binds to -- a single site and is therefore highly selective. As implied by their name, switch monoclonal antibodies are selective and, under the right circumstances, are... 

Emile JF, Wechsler J, Brousse N, et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Definitive diagnosis with the use of monoclonal antibody OlO on routinely paraffin-embedded samples. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995 19(6) 636-641. 

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