Decongestant, ephedrine actions

Pharmacology The actions of ephedra products are those of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which release norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings. In addition to nasal decongestion, the established clinical use of ephedrine is as a pressor agent Ephedra herbal products are commonly used for treatment of respiratory dysfunction (including bronchitis and asthma) and as mild CNS stimulants. In Chinese medicine, ephedra products are also used for relief of cold and flu symptoms, for diuresis, and for bone or Joint pain. 

Ephedrine (Fig. 10.15) is found in the Chinese herb Ma Huang, which has been used in Chinese medicine for 3000 years. It was also used in Greek medicine. Its stmctural resemblance to adrenaline and noradrenaline is readily apparent. It was used in the treatment of asthma hut has heen superseded by selective P2 agonists such as salhutamol. Its main application is as a nasal decongestant by promoting noradrenaline release, thus causing constriction of hlood vessels in the nasal mucosa. It also has weak P-agonist aaivity. Its other actions are discussed in Chapter 18. 

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