Decane temperatures

Myristic acid from hexanoic acid and methyl hydrogen sebacate). Dissolve 23 -2 g. of redistilled hexanoic acid (re caproic acid), b.p. 204-6-205-5°/760 mm., and 21-6 g. of methyl hydrogen sebacate in 200 ml. of absolute methanol to which 0 13 g. of sodium has been added. Electrolyse at 2 0 amps., whilst maintaining the temperature between 30° and 40°, until the pH is about 8 0 (ca. 6 hours). Neutralise the contents of the electrolysis cell with a little acetic acid and distil off the methyl alcohol on a water bath. Dissolve the residue in 200 ml. of ether, wash with three 50 ml. portions of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, once with water, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulphate, and distil with the aid of a fractionating column (see under Methyl hydrogen adipate). Collect the re-decane at 60°/10 mm. (3 0 g.), the methyl myristate at 158-160°/ 10 mm. (12 5g.) and dimethyl hexadecane-1 16-dicarboxylate at 215-230°/ 7 mm. (1 -5 g.)... 

Solvent polarity also affects the rate of peroxide decomposition. Most peroxides decompose faster in more polar or polari2able solvents. This is tme even if the peroxide is not generally susceptible to higher order decomposition reactions. This phenomenon is illustrated by various half-life data for tert-huty peroxypivalate [927-07-1]. The 10-h half-life temperature for tert-huty peroxypivalate varies from 62°C in decane (nonpolar) to 55°C in ben2ene (polari2able) and 53°C in methanol (polar). 

For R = r-butoxy, the rate data are given for several temperatures in decane. 

FIGURE 22.5 OTHdC study on the temperature range of the dissociation of the micelle of a styrene-isoprene two-block polymer in n-decane. Column 3.70 fim x 300 cm. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 14. Copyright 1989 American Chemical Society.)... 

A mixture of 3.2 parts 4-chloro-p-fluoro-butyrophenone, 3.5 parts 1-oxo-4-phenyl-2,4,8-triazaspiro(4,5)decane, 2 parts Na COs hd 0.1 part Kl in 200 parts hexone is refluxed with stirring for 50 hours. The mixture is cooled to room temperature, 200 parts water are added and the layers are separated. The organic layer is dried over 10 parts MgSO, ... 

Temperature Effects. The chemical ionization spectra of three paraffins (n-decane, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexane (compound 13), and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane (compound 14) have been determined at several different temperatures of the mass spectrometer ionization chamber, and the relative intensities obtained for the MW — 1 ions are give in Table VII. The relative intensities decrease for all three compounds as the temperature increases, in accordance with the behavior found for the chemical ionization spectrum of ethyl-/3-chloropropionate... 

Measured laminar flame speeds of (a) ethylene/air, (b) n-heptane/air, (c) iso-octane/air, and (d) n-decane/air mixtures as a function of the equivalence ratio for various unburned mixture temperatures. 

Zhao, Z., Li, J., Kazakov, A., and Dryer, F.L., Burning velocities and a high temperature skeletal kinetic model for M-decane, Combust. Sci. TechnoL, 177(1), 89,2005. 

EHrect images of near-extinction w-decane/Oj/Nj flames with unbumed mixture temperature T = 400K. The molar ratio of N2/(N2 + O2) is 0.84. 

The measured extinction stretch rates for n-decane/ O2/N2 mixtures at 400 K preheat temperature as a function of equivalence ratio are shown in Figure 6.3.3. The flame response curves at varying equivalence ratios are also computed using the kinetic mechanisms of Bikas and Peters (67 species and 354 reactions) [17] and Zhao... 

Table 5 shows HDS product distributions over several catalysts prepared by using the molybdenum-nickel cluster 2. Sulfur content in decane was adjusted to 5.0 wt% in these experiments. MoNi/NaY was found to be more active than MoNi/Al203. It is to be noted that during the high temperature pretreatment the original cluster structure would have been changed. However, the high activity of the MoNi/NaY catalyst for benzothiophene HDS is probably due to the formation of active sites derived from this particular mixed metal cluster. 

The promotor effect of SO2 increases with the amount added to the reaction medium (Fig.3). An effect of the addition of sulfur dioxide has also been observed on the oxidation of decane with an increase of the activation energy expected for such a poisoning. This addition leads to a noticeable decrease of the rate of oxidation at low temperature, where Cu sulfate is stable, but the effect becomes negligible at about 600 K. At this temperature, the conversion of decane estimated by the evolution of the peak e/m = 57, characteristic of the hydrocarbon, is close to 100% with CufTi02 catalysts in presence or not of SO2 (Figure 4). With Cu/Zr02 SO2 inhibits decane oxidation below 640 K. At 640 K a conversion of about 60% is observed in both the presence or absence of additive and an acceleration of oxidation is noticed at higher temperatures. 

Reasonable NO conversion can be achieved using n-decane as reductant. In the absence of sulfur dioxide, the catalytic activity is roughly related to the r ucibility of the Cu phase of Cu ions in zeolites the reaction temperature needed to reach 20% NO conversion parallels that of the TPR peak (Table 7). This relation also practically holds for Cu on simple oxides, therefore a redox mechanism in which reduction of Cu + cations is the slow step could account for the results. 

Figure 4. Conversion of decane as a function of the reaction temperature on Cu(l)/TiC>2 in absence of 80 2 either in the feed or the solid (Experiment 1), on the same solid but in presence of SO2 in the feed (Experiment 2), and with the same Cu(l)/Ti02 catalyst, presaturated by SC (SO2/CU 3, Experiment...

The same behaviour has been found with Cu/ZrOa. A highly dispersed Cu phase was obtained at the surface of zirconla by reacting the support with Cu acetylacetonate [19]. This procedure yields an active catalyst. This catalyst was selective for Na formation at low temperature (< 550 K), but produced only NO2 when the temperature becomes higher than 650 K. However, the same type of catalyst prepared from sulfated zirconia did not produce NO2 but selectively reduces NO to N2 whatever the temperature, with a yield of about 40% at 670 K, and a GHSV of 70000 h l, using only 300 ppm of decane. 

The B. licheniformis JF-2 strain produces a very effective surfactant under conditions typical of oil reservoirs. The partially purified biosurfactant from JF-2 was shown to be the most active microbial surfactant found, and it gave an interfacial tension against decane of 0.016 mN/m. An optimal production of the surfactant was obtained in cultures grown in the presence of 5% NaCl at a temperature of 45° C and pH of 7. TTie major endproducts of fermentation were lactic acid and acetic acid, with smaller amounts of formic acid and acetoin. The growth and biosurfactant formation were also observed in anaerobic cultures supplemented with a suitable electron acceptor, such as NaNO3[1106]. 

This example is based on the model description of Sec. 3.3.4, and involves a multicomponent, semi-batch system, with both heating and boiling periods. The compositions and boiling point temperatures will change with time. The water phase will accumulate in the boiler. The system simulated is based on a mixture of n-octane and n-decane, which for simplicity will be assumed to be ideal but which has been simulated using detailed activity coefficient relations by Prenosil (1976). 

FIG. 1 Partial phase diagram of brine, decane, and AOT system as a function of temperature (T) and decane-to-brine weight fraction (a). The brine is aqueous 0.6% (w/w) NaCl the AOT composition is constant at 12% (w/w). The double-ended arrow depicts the isothermal composition range examined in this study at 45°C. The lamellar (L ), and two-phase regions (2,2) are described in the text. (Adapted from Fig. 5 of Ref. 20.)... 

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