Dealkylation ligands

Dealkylation ligands, 432 Deamination solid state anation, 469... 

Upon recrystallization, [Ni(tpzlmtacn)]2+ affords [Ni(L)(MeCN)]2+ (L = l,4-bis(pyrazol-l-ylmethyl)-l,4,7-triazacyclononane) via a N-dealkylation reaction and loss of a pendent arm.1420 More rational routes to Ni complexes of tacn ligands with only one or two pendent arms have been developed.1431,1432 In [Ni(L)(X) ]x (e.g., L= l-(3-aminopropyl)-l,4,7-triazacyclononane (n = 2) or l-(l-methylimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-l,4,7-triazacyclononane (n = 2) or l,4-bis(l-methyl-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-l,4,7-triazacyclononane (n = 1), the coordination sphere is completed by additional ligands that bind either terminal (X = C1 , H20) or bridge two metal ions (X = N3 , OH, oxalate). The Ni11 complex of l,4-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-l,4,7-triazacyclononane has been shown to be extremely inert to ligand dissociation in aqueous solution.1433 In (562), the tacn ligand provides a single bidentate arm.1434... 

Another type of complex in which Tc C bonds predominate is the seven-coordinate complex [Tc(CNR)gX] + (398) (R = variety of organic groups X = C1, Br). The compounds are easily prepared in good yield by reaction of the Tc complex [Tc(CNR)6] " with Br2 or CI2 in acetonitrile. Attempts to introduce a bipy ligand as well led to dealkylation of the isocyanide to give the seven-coordinate complex [Tc(CNR)5(CN)X]+ (399). Reductive coupling of the coordinated isocyanides was attempted, but the reduction of Tc to Tc was the only reaction." ... 

Bis-iV-alkylated complexes of Me2-9 and Me2-ll, as well as the tetra-methylated Ni(II)cyclam (NinTMC) derivatives, have been synthesized by the deprotonation of secondary amines followed by alkylation (34, 47,48). When EtI or other alkyl halide with /3-hydrogen was added to the deprotonated Ni(II) complex of cyclam or 11, HX elimination occurred instead of SN2 reaction. Therefore, ethylene gas was produced instead of -ethylated complex formation when EtI was added to the deprotonated complex of cyclam or 11. However, in the case of 8, bis- -ethylated Ni(II) complex was isolated. This may be because HX elimination is slower than SN2 reaction. The - -alkylated Ni(II) complexes of 9 (Me2-9 and Et2 9) and Me2-ll were stable against ligand dissociation in acidic aqueous solutions. The -alkylated complexes were dealkylated when the complexes were heated in aqueous solutions (34, 47). 

While extended reaction times (up to three days) have not been found to be detrimental, it is critical that the temperature of the reaction be maintained at 120°C. Above 130°C, N-dealkylation of the macrocyclic ring accompanies hydrolysis of the tosylamide group, yielding a nearly intractable mixture of mono- and dialkylated ligands. 

The above reactions in this section have been examples of addition alone or addition followed by elimination. Ligand reactions involving nucleophilic substitution are also known and these are of the dealkylation type. Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride or tin(IV) chloride have been used for many years in the selective demethylation of aromatic methyl ethers, where chelation is involved (Scheme 27). Similar cleavage of thioethers, specially using mercury(II) salts, is commonly used to remove thioacetal functions masking ketones (equation 27).104 In some cases, reactions of metal ions with thioether ligands result in isolation of complexes of the dealkylated organic moiety (equations 28 and 29).105-107... 

An example of a thermal dealkylation is the thermolysis of [(Bu2S)HgCl2]2, which yields (Bu S)HgCl and some other products. This reaction is of first order and a mechanism involving an interaction between the ligand side-chain and the chloride has been discussed.36... 

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