De Broglie hypothesis

Quite a different situation occurs in the micro-world. Here, because of small particle masses, the de Broglie wavelength is commensurate with the interatomic distances in crystals therefore, the corresponding experiment can be realized a crystal can serve as a diffraction grating (refer to Section 6.3.5). In fact, according to formula (7.1.1) and the 

It is quite natural to ask the question what do the microparticles (electrons, neutrons, etc.), on one side, and the phonons on the other represent The modem development of science enables it to be stated that all micro-objects simultaneously possess a set of properties, among which both wave and corpuscular properties are equally present, and they reveal them depending on the conditions to which an experimenter subjects them. This statement is the essence of corpuscular-wave dualism, which in turn is the basis of quantum mechanics. 

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Data collection step 63 de Broglie hypothesis 2 Debye 272 del 8... 

The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter—The de Broglie Hypothesis... 

De Brc lie proposed that matter should show wave-like properties. The de Broglie hypothesis was supported by Davisson and Germer s studies of electron diffraction. Every object has a wavelength that depends on its momentum (the product of its mass and velocity). 

Thereby, the de Broglie hypothesis has been widely accepted as a scientific law. To reiterate, particle-wave dualism is one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics. 

The first consistent attempt to unify quantum theory and relativity came after Schrddinger s and Heisenberg s work in 1925 and 1926 produced the rules for the quantum mechanical description of nonrelativistic systems of point particles. Mention should be made of the fact that in these developments de Broglie s hypothesis attributing wave-corpuscular properties to all matter played an important role. Central to this hypothesis are the relations between particle and wave properties E — hv and p = Ilk, which de Broglie advanced on the basis of relativistic dynamics. 

By the early 1920s, it was standard knowledge that energy had matter-like properties. In 1924, a young physics student named Louis de Broglie stated a hypothesis that followed from this idea. What if, de Broglie wondered, matter has wave-like properties ... 

De Broglie s hypothesis of matter waves received experimental support in 1927. Researchers observed that streams of moving electrons produced diffraction patterns similar to those that are produced hy waves of electromagnetic radiation. Since diffraction involves the transmission of waves through a material, the observation seemed to support the idea that electrons had wave-like properties. 

Confirmation of this hypothesis is obtained by the X-ray examination of soaps and fatty esters by Shearer, Piper, Grindley and Muller (J.O.S. cxxiil. 2043, 1923) (see also Friedrich, Physikal. Zeit. xiv. 317, 1913, De Broglie, G.R. olxxvi 738,1923, Becker and Jahnke, Z. Phys. Ohem. xcix. 242, 1923), who have shown that two types of chain formation occur in carbon compounds in accordance with our preconceived views on the tetrahedral orientation of the valencies of the carbon atom. The spacing of the planes in these two types is indicated in the following diagram ... 

In 1924, considering the nature of the light and matter, Lois de Broglie proposed that small particles sometimes show wave-like properties. In 1927, his hypothesis was proved by the deviation of electron beams like X-rays by a crystal. 

Quantum mechanics began with a daring hypothesis by Louis de Broglie (he was a student at the time) if light has a dualistic wave/particle nature, why not matter His reasoning led to the prediction that a particle of mass m and velocity V would exhibit wavelike properties with wavelength... 

It was only in 1927 from the experiments of Davisson and Germer and slightly later from those of G. P. Thomson that it was found that these electron beams exhibit exactly the same diffraction phenomena as those which Von Laue, Friedrich and Knipping had observed with X-rays in 1912. For X-rays this result was in agreement with the prevailing conception of the nature of these rays. With electrons, however, this wave character appeared to be completely in conflict with the ideas which had been supported for more than 50 years, nevertheless only three years before De Broglie had published his fundamental hypothesis on the wave nature of electrons in his thesis (1924). 

From his relation (4 ) De Broglie was able immediately to draw a very important conclusion regarding the stationary states of a hydrogen atom. His result agreed with that of Bohr. Whereas however in Bohr s theory the stationary states were introduced completely ad hoc to explain the spectra, they follow with De Broglie logically and obviously from the basic hypothesis. 

In order to reconcile this relativistic invariance with De Broglie s wavelength hypothesis, for waves at rest and in a moving frame,... 

This was a revolutionary and quite nebulous suggestion, not easily accepted at the time. If it was not for the intervention of Einstein, excited with the proposal, Louis de Broglie would most likely have failed his doctoral examination. Louis de Broglie found support for his hypothesis and attempted to clarify the wave characteristics of a moving electron by... 

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