Data mining process elements

From Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 371,1934. For a revision see Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 477,1948. Data for many elements and compounds are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TB-60-56,1960, for cryogenic temperatures. Tabulated data for gases can be obtained from many of the references cited in the Thermodynamic Properties subsection and other tables in this section. Thinh, Duran, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 50, 98 (January 1971), review previous equation fits and give newer fits for 408 hydrocarbons and related compounds. Later publications include Duran, Thinh, et si.. Hydrocarbon Process., 55,153 (August 1976) Thompson,/. Chcm. Eng. Data, 22(4), 431 (1977) and Passut and Danner, Ind. Eng. Chcm. Process Des. Dev., 11,543 (1972) 13,193 (1974). 

A number of technology developments can be identified that promise to advance the applications of QCM and related piezoelectric resonance techniques. These involve modifications in the QCM device, the crystal, as well as in the systems under study and their methods of analysis. Some of these approaches have already begun to be studied and implemented. The specific areas of these improvements include increasing mass sensitivity, hybrid devices and novel resonance techniques, enabling determination of the kinetics of processes, use of cells as information-rich sensing elements, and applying data mining techniques to provide accurate analyses and outputs from complex sensor inputs in future devices. We briefly discuss each of these below. 

Most mining companies use XRF for the analysis of their process streams and monitor the separation of metals from the ore. XRF is faster than any wet or atomic spectroscopy technique since it can measure the sample as a solid. Trace elements in soil and sediment can be measured to collect geological, agricultural, and environmental data both in the lab and in the field, using portable or benchtop EDXRF analyzers. 

Comparing the element ratios of lead processing with the element ratios of (1) the investigated soils, (2) an average soil, and (3) the hercynian mineral ores, the investigated soil shows a closer relationship with the average soil and the hercynian ores (see Table 7.4). The data support the hypothesis of the historical contamination of the site from mining activities upstream and the subsequent element dissipation. 

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