Damage function general form

An objective of the program is to derive for each stone type a damage function in which the materials effects of the various components of acid deposition are quantified separately and apart from other damaging agents (such as natural rain at pH 5.6). The general form of a function might be as follows ... 

In many respects the classic findings of neuropsychology have formed the bedrock of much of what we know about how we see, hear, speak, move and even feel. Nonetheless, neuropsychology has not always influenced theories about how the intact brain carries out tasks. This is partly because nature is a poor surgeon accidental brain damage is usually spatially diffuse, interrupts several functions, is irreversible and the time of its occurrence cannot be predicted. Another problem with the lesion method in general, even when specific areas can be removed from animals, is that... 

More generally, one-electron oxidation of protein-bound phenols to form reactive ary-loxyl radicals is a possible pro-oxidant mechanism since these radicals can propagate H-atom or electron transfers within the protein. In addition to phenol protein covalent coupling, these phenol-mediated oxidative damages to proteins could be detrimental to their function as enzymes, receptors, and membrane transporters. For instance, investigations by capillary electrophoresis have shown that quercetin in concentrations lower than 25 pM potentiates HSA degradation by AAPH-derived peroxyl radicals. 

Several amino acyl constituents crucial for the protein s function are particularly vulnerable to radical damage (Roshchupkin et al., 1979 Singh et al., 1982 Sies, 1986), as shown in Scheme 2.2 and Table 2.2, with the consequences of oxidative modification. It is generally accepted that reactive oxygen species can react directly at several of these sites on a protein in addition, in some instances, when protein radicals are formed at a specific amino acyl site, they can be rapidly transferred to other sites within the protein infrastructure, the pathway so far proven being illustrated in Fig. 2.14 (Butler et al., 1988). 

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